c++ 虚拟继承常见用法

前言

c++ 虚拟继承常见用法

Code

虚拟继承构造函数只初始化一次

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A {
    int a;
public: 
    A(){ cout<<"Constructing A"<<endl; }
}; 
class B {
public: 
    B(){ cout<<"Constructing B"<<endl;}
}; 
class B1:virtual public B ,virtual public A{
public: 
    B1(int i){ cout<<"Constructing B1"<<endl; }
}; 
class B2:  public A,virtual public B {   //虚拟继承构造函数只初始化一次
public: 
    B2(int j){ cout<<"Constructing B2"<<endl; }
};
class D: public B1, public B2 {
public:
    D(int m,int n): B1(m),B2(n){ cout<<"Constructing D"<<endl; }
    A a;
}; 
    
int main(){
    D d(1,2);

    return 0;
}

result

Constructing B
Constructing A
Constructing B1
Constructing A
Constructing B2
Constructing A
Constructing D

虚继承

为了解决多继承时的命名冲突和冗余数据问题，C++ 提出了虚继承，使得在派生类中只保留一份间接基类的成员。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A { 
public:	
	void vf() {
		cout<<"I come from class A"<<endl;	}
};
class B: virtual public A{};
class C: virtual public A{};
class D: public B, public C{};

int main()
{
	D d;
	d.vf ();	// okay
    return 0;
}

result

I come from class A