P3 天气识别-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45103399/article/details/135480423

🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营中的学习记录博客
🍖 原作者：K同学啊 | 接辅导、项目定制
🚀 文章来源：K同学的学习圈子

我的环境：

语言环境：python 3.8
编译器：jupyter notebook
深度学习环境：Pytorch

torch == 2.1.0+cpu

torchvision == 0.16.0+cpu

一、准备工作

1. 导入库函数

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets

import os,PIL,pathlib,random

2.加载数据

● 第一步：使用pathlib.Path()函数将字符串类型的文件夹路径转换为pathlib.Path对象。

● 第二步：使用glob()方法获取data_dir路径下的所有文件路径，并以列表形式存储在data_paths中。

● 第三步：通过split()函数对data_paths中的每个文件路径执行分割操作，获得各个文件所属的类别名称，并存储在classNames中

● 第四步：打印classNames列表，显示每个文件所属的类别名称。

data_dir = "D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\datasets\weather_photos"
data_dir = pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*/'))
classNames = [str(path).split("\\")[4] for path in data_paths]
classNames

['cloudy', 'rain', 'shine', 'sunrise']

3.图片可视化

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image

# 指定图像文件夹路径
image_folder = "D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\datasets\weather_photos\cloudy"

# 获取文件夹中的所有图像文件
image_files = [f for f in os.listdir(image_folder) if f.endswith((".jpg", ".png", ".jpeg"))]

# 创建Matplotlib图像
fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 8, figsize=(16, 6))

# 使用列表推导式加载和显示图像
for ax, img_file in zip(axes.flat, image_files):
    img_path = os.path.join(image_folder, img_file)
    img = Image.open(img_path)
    ax.imshow(img)
    ax.axis('off')

# 显示图像
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

4. 数据加载（设置batchsize和取样等功能）

# 关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38251616/article/details/124878863
train_transforms = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize([224, 224]),  # 将输入图片resize成统一尺寸
    transforms.ToTensor(),          # 将PIL Image或numpy.ndarray转换为tensor，并归一化到[0,1]之间
    transforms.Normalize(           # 标准化处理-->转换为标准正太分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
        mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], 
        std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 其中 mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225] 从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])

total_data = datasets.ImageFolder(data_dir,transform=train_transforms)
total_data

Dataset ImageFolder
    Number of datapoints: 1125
    Root location: D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\datasets\weather_photos
    StandardTransform
Transform: Compose(
               Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear, max_size=None, antialias=warn)
               ToTensor()
               Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
           )

train_size = int(0.8 * len(total_data))
test_size  = len(total_data) - train_size
train_dataset, test_dataset = torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data, [train_size, test_size])
train_dataset, test_dataset

(<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x2a1fa06af40>,
 <torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x2a1ffec1b50>)

train_size, test_size

(900, 225)

使用torch.utils.data.DataLoader进行数据加载

torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=1, shuffle=None,sampler=None, batch_sampler=None, num_workers=0, collate_fn=None, pin_memory=False, drop_last=False, timeout=0, worker_init_fn=None, multiprocessing_context=None, generator=None, *, prefetch_factor=2, persistent_workers=False, pin_memory_device=‘’)

batch_size = 32

train_dl = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset, 
                                       batch_size=batch_size, 
                                       shuffle=True,
                                       num_workers=1)

test_dl  = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset, 
                                       batch_size=batch_size,
                                       shuffle=True,
                                       num_workers=1)

for X, y in test_dl:
    print("Shape of X [N, C, H, W]: ", X.shape)
    print("Shape of y: ", y.shape, y.dtype)
    break

Shape of X [N, C, H, W]:  torch.Size([32, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y:  torch.Size([32]) torch.int64

二、CNN网络配置、编译、训练

在这里插入图片描述

1. 模型建立

卷积层：nn.Conv2d(inputsize,outputsize,kernel_size)
池化层：nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size)
nn.Linear(inputsize,outputsize)
torch.flatten()/torch.nn.flatten()/x.view()，将二维数据拉伸为一维，连接卷积层和全连接层。但x.view()是直接在元数据上操作，其它的是返回一个新的张量。

import torch.nn.functional as F

class Network_bn(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Network_bn, self).__init__()
        """
        nn.Conv2d()函数：
        第一个参数（in_channels）是输入的channel数量
        第二个参数（out_channels）是输出的channel数量
        第三个参数（kernel_size）是卷积核大小
        第四个参数（stride）是步长，默认为1
        第五个参数（padding）是填充大小，默认为0
        """
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
        self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=12, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
        self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(12)
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2,2)
        self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=12, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
        self.bn4 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
        self.conv5 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=24, out_channels=24, kernel_size=5, stride=1, padding=0)
        self.bn5 = nn.BatchNorm2d(24)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(24*50*50, len(classeNames))

    def forward(self, x):
        x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x)))      
        x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x)))     
        x = self.pool(x)                        
        x = F.relu(self.bn4(self.conv4(x)))     
        x = F.relu(self.bn5(self.conv5(x)))  
        x = self.pool(x)                        
        x = x.view(-1, 24*50*50)
        x = self.fc1(x)

        return x

model = Network_bn()
model

Network_bn(
  (conv1): Conv2d(3, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
  (bn1): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (conv2): Conv2d(12, 12, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
  (bn2): BatchNorm2d(12, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (pool): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
  (conv4): Conv2d(12, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
  (bn4): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (conv5): Conv2d(24, 24, kernel_size=(5, 5), stride=(1, 1))
  (bn5): BatchNorm2d(24, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
  (fc1): Linear(in_features=60000, out_features=1129, bias=True)
)

import torchinfo
torchinfo.summary(model) #显示模型信息

=================================================================
Layer (type:depth-idx)                   Param #
=================================================================
Network_bn                               --
├─Conv2d: 1-1                            912
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-2                       24
├─Conv2d: 1-3                            3,612
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-4                       24
├─MaxPool2d: 1-5                         --
├─Conv2d: 1-6                            7,224
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-7                       48
├─Conv2d: 1-8                            14,424
├─BatchNorm2d: 1-9                       48
├─Linear: 1-10                           67,741,129
=================================================================
Total params: 67,767,445
Trainable params: 67,767,445
Non-trainable params: 0
=================================================================

2. 训练函数

2.1 设置超参数

loss_fn    = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
learn_rate = 1e-4 # 学习率
opt        = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=learn_rate)

2.2 训练函数

optimizer.zero_grad(),梯度清零。
loss.backward(),反向传播计算每个w的梯度值。
optimizer.step(),梯度下降法更新参数值。

# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 训练集的大小，一共60000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader)   # 批次数目，1875（60000/32）

    train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0  # 初始化训练损失和正确率
    
    for X, y in dataloader:  # 获取图片及其标签
        #X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
        
        # 计算预测误差
        pred = model(X)          # 网络输出
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)  # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
        
        # 反向传播
        optimizer.zero_grad()  # grad属性归零
        loss.backward()        # 反向传播
        optimizer.step()       # 每一步自动更新
        
        # 记录acc与loss
        train_acc  += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
        train_loss += loss.item()
            
    train_acc  /= size
    train_loss /= num_batches

    return train_acc, train_loss

train_acc和loss的计算原理：

pred.argmax(1)返回预测结果pred行最大值的索引，每行是表示一个样本的预测概率分布。==y表示判断预测是否正确。
.type(torch.float)将判断结果转为浮点类型可以进行求和。
.sum()对预测结果的正误进行求和。
.item()将求和结果转为标量值便于输出。

2.3 测试函数

去掉了训练函数中梯度下降和权重更新的步骤。

def test (dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size        = len(dataloader.dataset)  # 测试集的大小，一共10000张图片
    num_batches = len(dataloader)          # 批次数目，313（10000/32=312.5，向上取整）
    test_loss, test_acc = 0, 0
    
    # 当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
    with torch.no_grad():
        for imgs, target in dataloader:
            #imgs, target = imgs.to(device), target.to(device)
            
            # 计算loss
            target_pred = model(imgs)
            loss        = loss_fn(target_pred, target)
            
            test_loss += loss.item()
            test_acc  += (target_pred.argmax(1) == target).type(torch.float).sum().item()

    test_acc  /= size
    test_loss /= num_batches

    return test_acc, test_loss

2.4 模型训练

model.train(),用于训练，启用BN层和dropout。
model.eval(),用于测试，不启用BN层和dropout。

epochs     = 20
train_loss = []
train_acc  = []
test_loss  = []
test_acc   = []

for epoch in range(epochs):
    model.train()
    epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, opt)
    
    model.eval()
    epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
    
    train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
    train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
    test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
    test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
    
    template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%，Test_loss:{:.3f}')
    print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss, epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))
print('Done')

Epoch: 1, Train_acc:57.7%, Train_loss:2.587, Test_acc:52.9%，Test_loss:3.022
Epoch: 2, Train_acc:77.1%, Train_loss:0.784, Test_acc:82.7%，Test_loss:0.637
Epoch: 3, Train_acc:82.3%, Train_loss:0.574, Test_acc:80.4%，Test_loss:0.561
Epoch: 4, Train_acc:85.2%, Train_loss:0.514, Test_acc:82.7%，Test_loss:0.504
Epoch: 5, Train_acc:85.6%, Train_loss:0.476, Test_acc:85.3%，Test_loss:0.484
Epoch: 6, Train_acc:87.9%, Train_loss:0.420, Test_acc:86.2%，Test_loss:0.383
Epoch: 7, Train_acc:88.3%, Train_loss:0.379, Test_acc:90.7%，Test_loss:0.420
Epoch: 8, Train_acc:90.0%, Train_loss:0.346, Test_acc:89.3%，Test_loss:0.374
Epoch: 9, Train_acc:89.9%, Train_loss:0.331, Test_acc:88.0%，Test_loss:0.386
Epoch:10, Train_acc:90.0%, Train_loss:0.298, Test_acc:89.8%，Test_loss:0.342
Epoch:11, Train_acc:91.9%, Train_loss:0.296, Test_acc:91.1%，Test_loss:0.339
Epoch:12, Train_acc:91.6%, Train_loss:0.309, Test_acc:92.0%，Test_loss:0.321
Epoch:13, Train_acc:92.7%, Train_loss:0.261, Test_acc:90.7%，Test_loss:0.329
Epoch:14, Train_acc:92.7%, Train_loss:0.268, Test_acc:90.7%，Test_loss:0.326
Epoch:15, Train_acc:92.7%, Train_loss:0.274, Test_acc:89.8%，Test_loss:0.393
Epoch:16, Train_acc:94.0%, Train_loss:0.223, Test_acc:90.7%，Test_loss:0.294
Epoch:17, Train_acc:93.6%, Train_loss:0.277, Test_acc:89.8%，Test_loss:0.363
Epoch:18, Train_acc:93.7%, Train_loss:0.221, Test_acc:90.7%，Test_loss:0.289
Epoch:19, Train_acc:94.0%, Train_loss:0.275, Test_acc:84.4%，Test_loss:0.338
Epoch:20, Train_acc:95.2%, Train_loss:0.205, Test_acc:91.6%，Test_loss:0.270
Done

三、训练结果可视化

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")               #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']    = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False      # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi']         = 100        #分辨率

epochs_range = range(epochs)

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()