基于Keras的模型量化（PTQ、QAT）

对PTQ和QAT的详细解释在这篇哦：
《模型量化（三）—— 量化感知训练QAT（pytorch）》

本文给的代码是基于tensorflow

PTQ

只量化权重

只是优化了模型大小，对于模型的计算没什么优化，因为W * X时，W要反量化为浮点进行运算，相当于还增加了反量化这一累赘操作…

import tensorflow as tf
converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_saved_model(saved_model_dir)
converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.DEFAULT]
tflite_quant_model = converter.convert()

权重和激活值全量化

通过量化权重和激活，可以同时改善功耗和时延，因为最关键的密集部分W * X使用 8 位而不是浮点数进行计算。这需要一个较小的calibration数据集来计算激活值反量化时的S和Z操作。

import tensorflow as tf

def representative_dataset_gen():
  for _ in range(num_calibration_steps):
    # Get sample input data as a numpy array in a method of your choosing.
    yield [input]

converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_saved_model(saved_model_dir)
converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.DEFAULT]
converter.representative_dataset = representative_dataset_gen
tflite_quant_model = converter.convert()

详细内容参考官方的说明：
https://www.tensorflow.org/model_optimization/guide/quantization/post_training?hl=zh-cn

 

QAT

套路创建和训练模型

!pip install -q tensorflow
!pip install -q tensorflow-model-optimization

import tempfile
import os
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow_model_optimization.python.core.keras.compat import keras

# Load MNIST dataset
mnist = tf.keras.datasets.mnist
(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = mnist.load_data()

# Normalize the input image so that each pixel value is between 0 to 1.
train_images = train_images / 255.0
test_images = test_images / 255.0

# Define the model architecture.
model = keras.Sequential([
  keras.layers.InputLayer(input_shape=(28, 28)),
  keras.layers.Reshape(target_shape=(28, 28, 1)),
  keras.layers.Conv2D(filters=12, kernel_size=(3, 3), activation='relu'),
  keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)),
  keras.layers.Flatten(),
  keras.layers.Dense(10)
])

# Train the digit classification model
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

model.fit(
  train_images,
  train_labels,
  epochs=1,
  validation_split=0.1,
)

 

用QAT克隆和微调预训练模型

import tensorflow_model_optimization as tfmot

quantize_model = tfmot.quantization.keras.quantize_model

# q_aware stands for for quantization aware.
q_aware_model = quantize_model(model)

# `quantize_model` requires a recompile.
q_aware_model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
              metrics=['accuracy'])

q_aware_model.summary()

##############################################################
train_images_subset = train_images[0:1000] # out of 60000
train_labels_subset = train_labels[0:1000]

q_aware_model.fit(train_images_subset, train_labels_subset,
                  batch_size=500, epochs=1, validation_split=0.1)

##############################################################
_, baseline_model_accuracy = model.evaluate(
    test_images, test_labels, verbose=0)

_, q_aware_model_accuracy = q_aware_model.evaluate(
   test_images, test_labels, verbose=0)

print('Baseline test accuracy:', baseline_model_accuracy)
print('Quant test accuracy:', q_aware_model_accuracy)
#现在模型还是float32，不是int8

 

量化模型

用上面介绍的PTQ方法

converter = tf.lite.TFLiteConverter.from_keras_model(q_aware_model)
converter.optimizations = [tf.lite.Optimize.DEFAULT]

quantized_tflite_model = converter.convert()

 

评估TF和TFLite

import numpy as np

def evaluate_model(interpreter):
  input_index = interpreter.get_input_details()[0]["index"]
  output_index = interpreter.get_output_details()[0]["index"]

  # Run predictions on every image in the "test" dataset.
  prediction_digits = []
  for i, test_image in enumerate(test_images):
    if i % 1000 == 0:
      print('Evaluated on {n} results so far.'.format(n=i))
    # Pre-processing: add batch dimension and convert to float32 to match with
    # the model's input data format.
    test_image = np.expand_dims(test_image, axis=0).astype(np.float32)
    interpreter.set_tensor(input_index, test_image)

    # Run inference.
    interpreter.invoke()

    # Post-processing: remove batch dimension and find the digit with highest
    # probability.
    output = interpreter.tensor(output_index)
    digit = np.argmax(output()[0])
    prediction_digits.append(digit)

  print('\n')
  # Compare prediction results with ground truth labels to calculate accuracy.
  prediction_digits = np.array(prediction_digits)
  accuracy = (prediction_digits == test_labels).mean()
  return accuracy



###################################################################
interpreter = tf.lite.Interpreter(model_content=quantized_tflite_model)
interpreter.allocate_tensors()

test_accuracy = evaluate_model(interpreter)

print('Quant TFLite test_accuracy:', test_accuracy)
print('Quant TF test accuracy:', q_aware_model_accuracy)