树莓派-python3.11 记录opencv 安装过程遇到问题

按照这一篇进行树莓派4b安装opencv-python详细过程。

方法一：大通过编译安装，其中会遇到不少问题，之前安装过一遍走通过一次，但是python版本高了之后遇到很多问题。目前没走通，给出解决方案以供参考。

 在4.配置cmake时遇到第一个问题，

这段代码会显示如下的报错：

解决方案：（后面要加两个 .. ）

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/astray/opencv_contrib-4.1.0/modules \#本行需根据自己安装的路径修改
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D WITH_LIBV4L=ON \
-D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3.7 \
-D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/python3.7 \
-D PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython3.7m.so \
-D PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include \
..  ####这两个点至关重要！！！！

之后可以继续下去了，这是又碰到了第二个问题。

CMake Error at cmake/OpenCVCompilerOptions.cmake:477 (else):
Flow control statements are not properly nested.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
CMakeLists.txt:692 (include)

解决方案：参照这一篇https://blog.csdn.net/qq_57061492/article/details/126171010

将opencv文件夹中的 cmake/OpenCVCompilerOptimizations.cmake打开 （记得sudo） 找到477那一行把那一段代码注释掉。

配置成功会显示：

继续进行make，出现第三个问题：

c++: error: unrecognized command-line option ‘--param=ipcp-unit-growth=100000’; did you mean ‘--param=ipa-cp-unit-growth=’?

解决方案：参考https://blog.csdn.net/jiugeshao/article/details/121522829

修改提示目录下的文件，并把'ipcp-unit-growth'替换为'ipa-cp-unit-growth'

后续出现用新版ffmeg/libav编译旧版opencv，出现好多函数被移除和修改的错误，改起来太麻烦就放弃了。。。

方法二：（2023.10.16终于跑通了记录安装过程）

针对树莓派终端不能直接pip install问题

创建虚拟环境

python3 -m venv test_env
source ./test_env/bin/activate  //激活虚拟环境

安装依赖库：piwheels - opencv-python、https://www.piwheels.org/project/opencv-contrib-python/

sudo pip3 install numpy

sudo apt-get install build-essential git cmake pkg-config -y
sudo apt install libwebpmux3 libssl3 libva-drm2 libxfixes3 
sudo apt install libcairo-gobject2 libvpx7 libvorbisenc2 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-render0 
sudo apt install libwayland-client0 libhwy1 libicu72 
sudo apt install libjbig0 libaom3 libwebp7 libxdamage1 libxcb-dri3-0 
sudo apt install libsvtav1enc1 libfreetype6 libfribidi0 libsrt1.5-gnutls 
sudo apt install libgcrypt20 libcairo2 libavutil57 librabbitmq4 libepoxy0 
sudo apt install libxrender1 libidn2-0 libsystemd0 libpango-1.0-0 libatk1.0-0 libzvbi0 
sudo apt install libcodec2-1.0 libvdpau1 libavformat59 libchromaprint1 libdatrie1 
sudo apt install libxcursor1 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libharfbuzz0b libp11-kit0 
sudo apt install libxvidcore4 libglib2.0-0 libogg0 libnorm1 
sudo apt install libtheora0 libmp3lame0 libx265-199 libsnappy1v5 libgme0 libopenmpt0 
sudo apt install libmpg123-0 libgfortran5 libxinerama1 libxdmcp6 
sudo apt install libxrandr2 libx11-xcb1 libxext6 libbluray2 libstdc++6 libdrm2 libva2 
sudo apt install libatspi2.0-0 libswscale6 ocl-icd-libopencl1 libva-x11-2 
sudo apt install libpgm-5.3-0 libxcb1 libk5crypto3 liblz4-1 
sudo apt install libnettle8 libmd0 libjpeg62-turbo libgomp1 libsodium23 libwayland-egl1 
sudo apt install librist4 libudfread0 libxkbcommon0 libtiff6 libatomic1 
sudo apt install libssh-gcrypt-4 libhogweed6 libxml2 libthai0 librsvg2-2 
sudo apt install libspeex1 libswresample4 libsoxr0 libfontconfig1 libgdk-pixbuf-2.0-0 
sudo apt install libmount1 libffi8 libtasn1-6 libx264-164 libkrb5-3 libzmq5 libzstd1 
sudo apt install libxcomposite1 libgnutls30 libpixman-1-0 libgraphite2-3 libgtk-3-0 
sudo apt install libwayland-cursor0 libshine3 libtwolame0 
sudo apt install libpng16-16 libgssapi-krb5-2 libdav1d6 libgmp10 
sudo apt install libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpcre2-8-0 libgsm1 libavcodec59 libxau6 
sudo apt install libvorbisfile3 libjxl0.7 libunistring2 libatlas3-base 
sudo apt install liblerc4 libopus0 libcjson1 libmbedcrypto7 libbrotli1 libxi6 
sudo apt install libpangoft2-1.0-0 liblcms2-2 libblkid1 libdeflate0 
sudo apt install libopenjp2-7 libvorbis0a libkrb5support0 librav1e0 libbsd0 libx11-6

安装opencv、opencv-contrib-python

pip3 install opencv-python
pip3 install opencv-contrib-python

要等很久很久才能成功。 （吐了，安装成功不能正常使用服了。。。）

查了原因还是版本不兼容问题，安装都是最新版的不稳定

尝试降级python 完全照着gpt来

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev \
libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev \
xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python-openssl git

curl https://pyenv.run | bash

export PATH="~/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

source ~/.bashrc

行不通啊。。再写一篇吧，终于安装成功了。