ubuntu系统初始化及python开发环境安装

ubuntu20.04初始化

1.修改apt源(以阿里源为例)

备份
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
修改源文件
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
写入以下内容

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

2.安装pip3及虚拟环境

安装pip3

sudo apt-get install python3-pip

更换pip源(以阿里源为例)

mkdir ~/.pip
cd ~/.pip
vi pip.conf

写入以下内容

[global]
index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
 
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

安装python虚拟环境

pip3 install virtualenv

如果出现以下错误

WARNING: The script virtualenv is installed in ‘/home/xxx/.local/bin’ which is not on PATH.
Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.

执行

# 此处换成自己的路径
echo 'export PATH=/home/xxx/.local/bin:$PATH'  >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

# 重新安装
pip3 uninstall virtualenv
pip3 install virtualenv

3.安装docker和docker-compose

# 安装docker
sudo apt-get install docker.io
sudo groupadd docker
sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker
sudo systemctl restart docker

# 安装dokcer-compose
sudo apt-get install docker-compose

docker换源

{
    "registry-mirrors":[
         "http://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
         "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
         "http://registry.docker-cn.com"
    ] ,
    "insecure-registries":[
         "docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
         "registry.docker-cn.com"
    ]
}

4.其他常用工具

git
sudo apt install git
ssh
sudo apt install openssh-server

清华源

apt:  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
pip:  https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple