移动WEB开发之flex布局
特点：
- 操作方便，布局极为简单，移动端应用很广泛
- PC端浏览器支持情况较差
- IE11 或 更低版本，不支持或仅部分支持
- flexbox(flexible box)
1. flex布局原理
总结： 通过给父盒子添加flex属性来控制子盒子的位置和排列方式
- 当我们为父盒子设为flex布局以后，子元素的float、clear 和 vertical-align属性会失效
(且，flex布局后，内联元素会变成块）
2. flex容器（flex container）——父级元素
2.1 属性
- flex-derection：row | row-reverse | column | column-reverse
- flex-wrap：nowrap(默认值) | wrap | wrap-reverse
- flex-flow：flex-derection | flex-wrap
- justify-content (主轴的对齐方向)：flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between(两端对齐) | space-arond (flex item两侧距离间隔相等)
- align-items (交叉轴的对齐方向)：flex-start | flex-end | center | baseline | stretch
- align-content(多根轴的对齐方式)：flex-start | flex-end | center | space-between(两端对齐) | space-arond (flex item两侧距离间隔相等)
3. flex项目（flex item）子集元素
3.1 属性
- flex-grow（放大的比例）：0(默认) | number
得着当前的剩余空间，如果没有剩余空间这个就失效了 - flex-shrink 缩小的比例：1(默认可以缩小) | 0(不可以缩小) | number
只有空间不足的时候才有必要缩小 - flex-basis（伸缩基准值）：设置flex item 的"宽度"，但一般不会这么干
- flex：flex-grow flex-shrink flex-basis
- order（排列顺序）：值越小越排在前面
- align-self 单个项目的对齐方式
flex: 定义子项目 分配 剩余的空间，用flex来表示占多少份数
（发蛋糕，几分之几）
4. 携程网首页案例制作
4.1 技术选型
方案：采取单独制作移动页面方案
技术：布局采取flex布局
4.2 搭建相关文件夹结构
4.3 设置视口标签以及引入初始化样式
4.4 常用初始化样式
(前面的课程有说）
body {
max-width: 540px;
min-width: 320px;
margin: 0 auto;
font: normal 14px/1.5 Tahoma, "Lucida Grande", Verdana, "Microsoft Yahei", STXihei, hei;
color: #000;
background: #f2f2f2;
overflow-x: hidden;
-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
4.5 布局注意点
- 高度定死
- 很多内容都是用伪元素来做的，不是添加盒子
- 属性选择器如何使用？ 外层盒子 + 你要挑选的具有的属性 （要空格） / 你要选取的标签 + 该标签具有的属性（不要空格）
- 隐藏文字
- flex:20%
- 精灵图的使用，2x是指放大2倍的
background-size：宽度缩小一倍 auto（高度自动） - 渐变： 前面要添加浏览器私有前缀， -webkit-
background： -webkit-linear-gradient(起始方向，颜色1，颜色2…）
a. 伪类选择器派上用场 ：nth-child
b.
像这样
c.
.sales-hd h2 {
position: relative;
text-indent: -999px;
overflow: hidden;
}
5. 代码
1，
2，index.css
body {
max-width: 540px;
min-width: 320px;
margin: 0 auto;
font: normal 14px/1.5 Tahoma, "Lucida Grande", Verdana, "Microsoft Yahei", STXihei, hei;
color: #000;
background: #f2f2f2;
overflow-x: hidden;
-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
a{
text-decoration: none;
color: #222;
}
ul{
list-style: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/* 搜索模块 */
.search-index{
display: flex;
/* 固定定位跟父级没有关系，它以屏幕为准 */
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 50%;
-webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);
transform: translateX(-50%);
/* 固定的盒子应该有宽度 */
width: 100%;
min-width:320px;
max-width: 540px;
height: 44px;
background-color: #f6f6f6;
border-top: 1px solid #ccc;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
/* background-color: pink; */
}
.search-index .search{
position: relative;
height: 26px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
flex: 1;
color: #666;
margin: 7px 10px;
padding-left: 25px;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}
.search-index .search::before{
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 5px;
left: 5px;
width: 15px;
height: 15px;
background: url(../images/sprite.png) no-repeat -59px -279px;
background-size: 104px auto;
}
.search-index .user{
width: 44px;
height: 44px;
/* background-color: purple; */
text-align: center;
}
.search-index .user::before{
content:"";
display: block;
width: 23px;
height: 23px;
background: url(../images/sprite.png) no-repeat -59px -194px;
background-size: 104px auto;
margin: 4px auto -2px;
}
/* focus */
.focus{
padding-top: 44px;
/* visibility: hidden; */
}
.focus img{
width: 100%;
}
/* local nav */
.local-nav{
display: flex;
height: 64px;
margin: 3px 4px;
background-color: #fff;
border-radius: 8px;
}
.local-nav-items{
flex: 1;
}
.local-nav-items a{
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
font-size: 12px;
}
span[class^="local-nav-icon"]{
width: 32px;
height: 32px;
background-color: pink;
margin-top: 8px;
background: url(../images/localnav_bg.png) no-repeat 0 0;
background-size: 32px auto;
}
.local-nav-items a .local-nav-icon-icon2 {
background-position: 0 -32px;
}
.local-nav-items a .local-nav-icon-icon3 {
background-position: 0 -64px;
}
.local-nav-items a.local-nav-icon-icon4 {
background-position: 0 -96px;
}
.local-nav-items a .local-nav-icon-icon5 {
background-position: 0 -128px;
}
/* nav */
nav {
overflow: hidden;
border-radius: 8px;
margin: 0 4px 3px;
}
.nav-common{
display: flex;
height: 88px;
background-color: pink;
}
.nav-common:nth-child(2) {
margin: 3px 0;
}
.nav-items{
flex: 1;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.nav-items a {
flex: 1;
text-align: center;
line-height: 44px;
color: #fff;
font-size: 14px;
/* 文字阴影 */
text-shadow: 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
}
/* -n+2 就是选择前面两个元素 */
.nav-items:nth-child(-n+2) {
border-right: 1px solid #fff;
}
.nav-items a:nth-child(1){
border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;
}
.nav-items:nth-child(1) a {
border: 0;
background: url(../images/hotel.png) no-repeat bottom center;
background-size: 121px auto;
}
.nav-common:nth-child(1) {
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #FA5A55, #FA994D);
}
.nav-common:nth-child(2) {
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #4B90ED, #53BCED);
}
.nav-common:nth-child(3) {
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #34C2A9, #6CD559);
}
/* subnav-entry */
.subnav-entry {
display: flex;
border-radius: 8px;
background-color: #fff;
margin: 0 4px;
flex-wrap: wrap;
padding: 5px 0;
}
.subnav-entry li{
flex: 20%;
/* background-color: purple; */
}
.subnav-entry a {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
}
.subnav-entry-icon {
width: 28px;
height: 28px;
background-color: pink;
margin-top: 4px;
background: url(../images/subnav-bg.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 28px auto;
}
/* sales-box */
.sales-box {
border-top: 1px solid #bbb;
background-color: #fff;
margin: 4px;
}
.sales-hd {
position: relative;
height: 44px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}
.sales-hd h2 {
position: relative;
text-indent: -999px;
overflow: hidden;
}
.sales-hd h2::after {
position: absolute;
top: 5px;
left: 8px;
content: "";
width: 79px;
height: 15px;
background: url(../images/hot.png) no-repeat 0 -20px;
background-size: 79px auto;
}
.more {
position: absolute;
right: 5px;
top: 0px;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #FF506C, #FF6BC6);
border-radius: 15px;
padding: 3px 20px 3px 10px;
color: #fff;
}
.more::after {
content: "";
position: absolute;
top: 9px;
right: 9px;
width: 7px;
height: 7px;
border-top: 2px solid #fff;
border-right: 2px solid #fff;
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.row {
display: flex;
}
.row a {
flex: 1;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
.row a:nth-child(1) {
border-right: 1px solid #eee;
}
.row a img {
width: 100%;
}
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>携程在手，说走就走</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/normalize.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/index.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="search-index">
<div class="search">搜索:目的地/酒店/景点/航班号</div>
<a href="#" class="user">我 的</a>
</div>
<div class="focus">
<img src="upload/focus.jpg" alt=""/>
</div>
<div class="local-nav">
<div class="local-nav-items">
<a href="#" title="景点·玩乐">
<span class="local-nav-icon-icon1"></span>
<span>景点·玩乐</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="local-nav-items">
<a href="#" title="景点·玩乐">
<span class="local-nav-icon-icon2"></span>
<span>景点·玩乐</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="local-nav-items">
<a href="#" title="景点·玩乐">
<span class="local-nav-icon-icon3"></span>
<span>景点·玩乐</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="local-nav-items">
<a href="#" title="景点·玩乐">
<span class="local-nav-icon-icon4"></span>
<span>景点·玩乐</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="local-nav-items">
<a href="#" title="景点·玩乐">
<span class="local-nav-icon-icon5"></span>
<span>景点·玩乐</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<!-- nav -->
<nav>
<div class="nav-common">
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
</div>
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
<a href="#">特价酒店</a>
</div>
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
<a href="#">特价酒店</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav-common">
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
</div>
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
<a href="#">特价酒店</a>
</div>
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
<a href="#">特价酒店</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="nav-common">
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
</div>
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
<a href="#">特价酒店</a>
</div>
<div class="nav-items">
<a href="#">海外酒店</a>
<a href="#">特价酒店</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!-- subnav-entry -->
<div>
<ul class="subnav-entry">
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">
<span class="subnav-entry-icon"></span>
<span>电话费</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- 销售模块 -->
<div class="sales-box">
<div class="sales-hd">
<h2>热门活动</h2>
<a href="#" class="more">获取更多福利</a>
</div>
<div class="sales-bd">
<div class="row">
<a href="#">
<img src="upload/pic1.jpg" alt="">
</a>
<a href="#">
<img src="upload/pic2.jpg" alt="">
</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#">
<img src="upload/pic3.jpg" alt="">
</a>
<a href="#">
<img src="upload/pic4.jpg" alt="">
</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<a href="#">
<img src="upload/pic5.jpg" alt="">
</a>
<a href="#">
<img src="upload/pic6.jpg" alt="">
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
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