1. 回路阻抗
Z p = ( r + j ω L ) 1 j ω C r + j ω L + 1 j ω C = r ω 2 C 2 + j ( L − C r 2 − ω 2 L 2 C ω C 2 ) r 2 + ( ω L − 1 ω C ) 2 Z_p=\dfrac{(r+j\omega L)\dfrac{1}{j\omega C}}{r+j\omega L+\dfrac{1}{j\omega C}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{r}{\omega^2C^2}+j(\dfrac{L-Cr^2-\omega^2L^2C}{\omega C^2})}{r^2+(\omega L-\dfrac{1}{\omega C})^2} Zp=r+jωL+jωC1(r+jωL)jωC1=r2+(ωL−ωC1)2ω2C2r+j(ωC2L−Cr2−ω2L2C)
2. 谐振频率——使 Z p Z_p Zp的虚部为0的频率
- L − C r 2 − ω 2 L 2 C = 0 ⇒ ω = ω p = 1 − C r 2 L L C ≈ 1 L C L-Cr^2-\omega^2L^2C=0\rArr \omega=\omega_p=\dfrac{\sqrt{1-\dfrac{Cr^2}{L}}}{\sqrt{LC}}\approx \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{LC}} L−Cr2−ω2L2C=0⇒ω=ωp=LC1−LCr2≈LC1
- 当
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ω=ωp时,回路呈阻性
当 ω > ω p ω>ω_p ω>ωp时,容抗大于感抗,回路呈容性
当 ω < ω p ω<ω_p ω<ωp时,感抗大于容抗,回路呈感性
2.1. 谐振电阻
- R p = L r C R_p=\dfrac{L}{rC} Rp=rCL
- 谐振时回路的阻抗最大
2.2. 电流分析
- 若在并联振荡回路两端加一恒流信号 I S I_S IS, 则发生并联谐振时因阻抗最大, 加在电路两端的电压最大, 其值为 U 0 = I S R p U_0=I_SR_p U0=ISRp
- 电容上的电流
I ⋅ C = j ω p C U 0 = j ω p R p C I S \overset{\cdot}I_C=j\omega_p CU_0=j\omega_pR_pCI_S I⋅C=jωpCU0=jωpRpCIS - 电感上的电流
I ⋅ L = U 0 j w p L = − j R p ω p L I S \overset{\cdot}I_L=\dfrac{U_0}{jw_pL}=-j\dfrac{R_p}{\omega_p L}I_S I⋅L=jwpLU0=−jωpLRpIS - 并联谐振又称为电流谐振
3. 品质因数
- Q p = ω p L r = 1 ω p C r = R p ω p L = ω p R p C = R p C L Q_p=\dfrac{\omega_p L}{r}=\dfrac{1}{\omega_p Cr}=\dfrac{R_p}{\omega_p L}=\omega_pR_pC=R_p\sqrt{\dfrac{C}{L}} Qp=rωpL=ωpCr1=ωpLRp=ωpRpC=RpLC
- I ⋅ C = j ω p R p C I S = j Q p I S \overset{\cdot}I_C=j\omega_pR_pCI_S=jQ_pI_S I⋅C=jωpRpCIS=jQpIS
- I ⋅ L = − j R p ω p L I S = − j Q p I S \overset{\cdot}I_L=-j\dfrac{R_p}{\omega_p L}I_S=-jQ_pI_S I⋅L=−jωpLRpIS=−jQpIS
- 信号源内阻和负载电阻对并联谐振回路的影响
有载品质因数 Q L = 1 ω p L ( G p + G s + G L ) = Q p 1 + R p R s + R p R L Q_L=\dfrac{1}{\omega_pL(G_p+G_s+G_L)}=\dfrac{Q_p}{1+\dfrac{R_p}{R_s}+\dfrac{R_p}{R_L}} QL=ωpL(Gp+Gs+GL)1=1+RsRp+RLRpQp
当信号源内阻和负载电阻较大时,并联振荡回路的有载品质因数接近空载品质因数
4. 广义失谐系数
ξ = Q p ( ω ω p − ω p ω ) ≈ Q p 2 Δ ω ω p \xi=Q_p(\dfrac{\omega}{\omega_p}-\dfrac{\omega_p}{\omega})\approx Q_p\dfrac{2\Delta\omega}{\omega_p} ξ=Qp(ωpω−ωωp)≈Qpωp2Δω
5. 通频带
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Z_p=\dfrac{L/Cr}{1+jQ_p(\dfrac{\omega}{\omega_p}-\dfrac{\omega_p}{\omega})}=\dfrac{R_p}{1+j\xi}
Zp=1+jQp(ωpω−ωωp)L/Cr=1+jξRp
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|Z_p|=\dfrac{R_p}{\sqrt{1+\xi^2}}
∣Zp∣=1+ξ2Rp
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\begin{cases}\dfrac{|Z_p|}{R_p}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+\xi^2}}\\\varphi_z=-\arctan \xi\end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Rp∣Zp∣=1+ξ21φz=−arctanξ
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B=\dfrac{f_0}{Q_p}=2\Delta f_{0.7}
B=Qpf0=2Δf0.7