1.使用glm数学库进行矩阵和向量的计算
2.位置坐标可以看做一个向量
3.向量的移动,缩放,旋转,都是可以通过和矩阵的计算得出
4.向量的缩放=乘一个44的矩阵
5.注意事项(有些版本的glm::mat4 不是默认构建一个单位44的矩阵),这个时候需要手动赋值,glm::mat4 matval = glm::mat4(1.0f);
6.矩阵旋转所需要的单位矩阵需要通过正弦和余弦公式来推导
sin(A+B)=sinAcosB+cosAsinB
sin(A-B)=sinAcosB-cosAsinB
cos(A+B)=cosAcosB -sinAsinB;
cos(A-B)=conAcosB +sinAsinB;
#include "GL/glew.h"
#include "glfw3.h"
#include "SOIL2.h"
//glfw :graphics library framework 图形库框架
// 作用:1.用于创建和管理跨平台的窗口; 2. 处理输入,鼠标键盘等 ; 3.用于创建和管理opengl上下文
//glew:opengl extension Wrangler 用于管理opengl 扩展的开源库
// 作用: 1.用于加载扩展函数,2.查询扩展支持
#include "glm/glm.hpp"
#include "glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp"
#include "glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
//顶点着色器源码 glsl
const GLchar* vertexSource = "#version 330 core \n \
layout(location=0) in vec3 position;\
layout(location=1) in vec3 color;\
layout(location=2) in vec2 texcoodr;\
out vec4 outcolor;\
out vec2 outtexcoodr;\
uniform mat4 transformkk;\
void main()\
{\
gl_Position=transformkk*vec4(position, 1.0f); outcolor=vec4(color,1.0f); outtexcoodr=texcoodr;\
}";
//GLSL 语言: mix, texture, sampler2D 采样器变量
const GLchar* fragmentSource = "#version 330 core \n \
in vec4 outcolor;\
in vec2 outtexcoodr;\
out vec4 color;\
uniform sampler2D ourtexture;\
uniform sampler2D ourtexture2;\
uniform float mixval;\
void main(){\
vec2 coord = vec2(outtexcoodr.x , 1.0f - outtexcoodr.y);\
color = mix(texture(ourtexture,outtexcoodr),texture(ourtexture2,coord),mixval);\
}";
GLfloat mixval = 0.2f;
void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods)
{
if (key == GLFW_KEY_UP && action == GLFW_PRESS)
{
mixval += 0.1f;
if (mixval >= 1.0f)
{
mixval = 1.0f;
}
}
else if (key == GLFW_KEY_DOWN && action == GLFW_PRESS)
{
mixval -= 0.1f;
if (mixval <= 0.0f)
{
mixval = 0.0f;
}
}
}
int main()
{
//初始化使用到的 glfw库
glfwInit();
//创建窗口
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(600, 500, "opengl texture exercise", nullptr, nullptr);
//指定当前上下文
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
//初始化opengl 扩展库
glewInit();
//创建目标着色器以及管线管理程序
GLuint vertexShader, fragmentShader, program;
GLint succeed;
GLchar buff[512];
//顶点着色器
vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
//加载顶点着色器源码
glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexSource, (GLint*)0);//第三个参数,是指向一个整数数组,数组每个字符串的长度
glCompileShader(vertexShader);//编译着色器源码
glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &succeed);
if (!succeed)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, buff);//第三个参数:返回日志的实际长度,null表示不用返回
}
//片段着色器
fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentSource, (GLint*)0);
glCompileShader(fragmentShader);
glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &succeed);
if (!succeed)
{
glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, buff);
}
//创建着色器程序
program = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
glLinkProgram(program);
glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);
//定义数据数组 ,矩形 == 两个三角形组成, 四个点,每个点对于的颜色值,和纹理坐标位置
//GLfloat vertexArray[] = {
// /* 点位置 颜色 纹理坐标*/
// 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f,
// 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f,
// -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
// -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f,
//};
GLfloat vertexArray[] = {
// Positions // Colors // Texture Coords
0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, // Top Right
0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom Right
-0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // Bottom Left
-0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f // Top Left
};
//GLfloat vertexArray[] = {
// 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.51f, 0.51f,
// 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.51f, 0.49f,
// -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.49f, 0.49f,
// -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.49f, 0.51f,
//};
//元素数组三角形的点的数组索引
GLuint eArray[] = {
0, 1, 3,
1, 2, 3
};
//创建顶点数组对象 VAO, 顶点缓存对象 VBO, 元素缓存对象EBO
GLuint VAO, VBO, EBO;
//创建顶点数组对象,用于管理和封装顶点缓存数组,以及数据解析方式。 一个顶点数组对象可以管理好几个数据缓存对象的配置信息
//顶点属性指针,顶点缓存保存
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glBindVertexArray(VAO);
//创建vbo
glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
//绑定顶点缓存对象
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
//在GPU创建缓和初始化 VBO 的数据存储,
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertexArray), vertexArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//创建EBO
glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
//绑定元素缓存对象
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
//加载数据到CPU缓存
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(eArray), eArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//配置顶点属性指针:如何解析数据输入到顶点着色器里面,类似顶点着色器输入参数的一种数据格式
// 顶点属性数组的索引, 个数, 类型, 是否标准化, 步长stride, 偏移量
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
//使能顶点属性数组:索引值
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(6 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
//解绑 顶点数组对象
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
//纹理============================================================================================
//1.0 创建纹理对象
GLuint texture1, texture2;
glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
//2.0 绑定纹理对象
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
//3.0 设置纹理配置参数值
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);//超出纹理坐标的纹理如何处理:纹理环绕方式,x 轴== s 轴
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);//超出纹理坐标的纹理如何处理:纹理环绕方式,Y 轴== T 轴
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); //纹理过滤方式, 最近
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);//线性
//4.0 根据图片生成纹理图形
int width, height;
unsigned char *image = SOIL_load_image("container.jpg", &width, &height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);//设置2d纹理图像数据
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//生成纹理的所有级别的缩放图像
SOIL_free_image_data(image);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); //相当于保存该纹理配置,不会弄乱
/*GL_REPEAT 对纹理的默认行为。重复纹理图像。
GL_MIRRORED_REPEAT 和GL_REPEAT一样,但每次重复图片是镜像放置的。
GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE 纹理坐标会被约束在0到1之间,超出的部分会重复纹理坐标的边缘,产生一种边缘被拉伸的效果。
GL_CLAMP_TO_BORDER 超出的坐标为用户指定的边缘颜色。*/
glGenTextures(1, &texture2);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
unsigned char* image2 = SOIL_load_image("awesomeface.png", &width, &height, 0, SOIL_LOAD_RGB);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image2);
glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//设置纹理缩放图像
SOIL_free_image_data(image2);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
//设置鼠标事件回调
glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback);
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
{
glm::vec4 vect(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glm::mat4 transformkk = glm::mat4(1.0f); // ({ 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }, { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f });
glfwPollEvents();
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);//清除缓存区: 颜色缓存区
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(program, "ourtexture"), 0);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(program, "ourtexture2"), 1);
transformkk = glm::rotate(transformkk, (GLfloat)glfwGetTime()*5.0f, glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
transformkk = glm::translate(transformkk, glm::vec3(0.5, 0.5, 0.5));
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(program, "transformkk"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(transformkk));
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(program, "mixval"), mixval);
//使能着色器程序
glUseProgram(program);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VAO);
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glm::mat4 transformdd = glm::mat4(1.0f);
transformdd = glm::translate(transformdd, glm::vec3(-0.5, 0.5, 0.0));
transformdd = glm::scale(transformdd, glm::vec3(sin((GLfloat)glfwGetTime()), sin((GLfloat)glfwGetTime()), 1.0));
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(program, "transformkk"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(transformdd));
glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
}
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);
glfwTerminate();
return 0;
};