【解决】The following packages have unmet dependencies

环境：wsl2  ubuntu 22.04 LTS

出现原因：本人在安装build-essential和gcc出现报错如下

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libatomic1 : Depends: gcc-12-base (= 12-20220319-1ubuntu1) but 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 is to be installed
 libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.35-0ubuntu3) but 2.35-0ubuntu3.4 is to be installed
             Depends: libtirpc-dev but it is not going to be installed
             Depends: libnsl-dev but it is not going to be installed
 libcc1-0 : Depends: gcc-12-base (= 12-20220319-1ubuntu1) but 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 is to be installed
 libgomp1 : Depends: gcc-12-base (= 12-20220319-1ubuntu1) but 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 is to be installed
 libitm1 : Depends: gcc-12-base (= 12-20220319-1ubuntu1) but 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 is to be installed
 liblsan0 : Depends: gcc-12-base (= 12-20220319-1ubuntu1) but 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 is to be installed
 libquadmath0 : Depends: gcc-12-base (= 12-20220319-1ubuntu1) but 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 is to be installed
 libubsan1 : Depends: gcc-12-base (= 12-20220319-1ubuntu1) but 12.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04 is to be installed

根据网上多篇博客操作均不能解决问题。但是在update和upgrade时我发现提示信息较少，与博客不同，如下图所示：

我猜测是镜像源的问题，于是尝试换源，采取如下操作：
1.备份软件源配置文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2.将/etc/apt/sources.list文件内容全部替换为如下内容：

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3.刷新

sudo apt update

换源成功之后，重新安装build-essential，成功。