SQL | 表连接/窗口函数 | 部门工资前三高的员工

题目

Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的工号 Id，姓名 Name，工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId 。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
| 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如，根据上述给定的表，查询结果应返回：

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
| IT         | Will     | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

解释：

IT 部门中，Max 获得了最高的工资，Randy 和 Joe 都拿到了第二高的工资，Will 的工资排第三。销售部门（Sales）只有两名员工，Henry 的工资最高，Sam 的工资排第二。

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/department-top-three-salaries
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题解

• 思路一

1、使用窗口函数dense_rank()不间断排序，薪水相同的会并列排名

SELECT Name,Salary,DepartmentId,DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY DepartmentId ORDER BY Salary DESC) drk
FROM Employee

2、得到子表与表Department连接，获取部门名称

SELECT d.Name as Department,a.Name as Employee, a.Salary
FROM (SELECT Name,Salary,DepartmentId,DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY DepartmentId ORDER BY Salary DESC) drk
FROM Employee) a JOIN Department d ON a.DepartmentId=d.Id

3、加入限定条件，前三即取小于等于3排序值，并按薪水降序

SELECT d.Name as Department,a.Name as Employee, a.Salary
FROM (SELECT Name,Salary,DepartmentId,DENSE_RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY DepartmentId ORDER BY Salary DESC) drk
FROM Employee) a JOIN Department d ON a.DepartmentId=d.Id
WHERE a.drk<=3
ORDER BY a.Salary DESC;

• 思路二
  表自连接，如果工资部门前三，在同一部门的前提下，工资去重之后最多只有2个比该工资高

SELECT d.Name as Department,e1.Name as Employee, e1.Salary
FROM Employee e1 join Department d on e1.DepartmentId=d.Id
WHERE 3>(SELECT count(distinct e2.Salary)
FROM Employee e2
WHERE e1.Salary<e2.Salary
AND e1.DepartmentId=e2.DepartmentId);