牛顿下山法（Python实现）

目录

1、原理

2、案例 

3、Python实现 

4、结果

5、展望

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1、原理

2、案例 

3、Python实现 

import numpy as np

# Store the iteration value of each step
result = []
# Store downhill factors for each step
all_r = []


# Judge whether it is singular. True is singular and false is nonsingular
def strange(xk):
    return True if (0.5*xk**(-1/2)-3*xk**2) == 0 else False


# Primitive function
def fx(xk):
    return xk**(1/2)-xk**3+2


# Newton iterative formula
# xk is the iterative value and r is the downhill factor
def nd(xk, r):
    return xk - fx(xk) / (0.5*xk**(-1/2)-3*xk**2) * r


# Newton downhill formula
# return True Downhill success  False Downhill failure
def nd_xs(xk, m):
    r = 1
    count = 1
    while True:
        if count > m:
            return False

        xk1 = nd(xk, r)
        if abs(fx(xk1)) < abs(fx(xk)):
            result.append(xk1)
            all_r.append(r)
            return True
        else:
            r *= 0.5

        count += 1


# Main function
def main():
    # initial value
    x = float(input("Please enter the initial value："))
    result.append(x)
    # Error limit
    e = float(input("Please enter the error limit："))
    # Maximum number of iterations
    n = int(input("Please enter the maximum number of iterations："))
    # Maximum number of downhill
    m = int(input("Please enter the maximum number of times to go down the mountain："))

    # Number of iterations
    ite = 1
    while True:
        if ite > n:
            print("Number of iterations exceeded！")
            return

        if strange(result[-1]):
            print("Singular, denominator zero！")
            return

        if not nd_xs(result[-1], m):
            print("Downhill failure！")
            return

        if abs(result[-1] - result[-2]) < e:
            print("Downhill factor of each step：" + str(all_r))
            print("Iteration value of each step (including initial value)：" + str(result))
            return

        ite += 1

if __name__ =='__main__':
    main()

4、结果

Please enter the initial value：1.5
Please enter the error limit：0.00001
Please enter the maximum number of iterations：100000
Please enter the maximum number of times to go down the mountain：100000
Downhill factor of each step：[1, 1, 1]
Iteration value of each step (including initial value)：[1.5, 1.4763069991556952, 1.4758905899820982, 1.4758904626019806]

5、展望