resample对于DataFrame对象，关键字on可用于指定列而不是重新取样的索引

对于DataFrame对象，关键字on可用于指定列而不是重新取样的索引

df = pd.DataFrame(data=9*[range(4)], columns=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
df
Out[3]: 
   a  b  c  d
0  0  1  2  3
1  0  1  2  3
2  0  1  2  3
3  0  1  2  3
4  0  1  2  3
5  0  1  2  3
6  0  1  2  3
7  0  1  2  3
8  0  1  2  3

df['time'] = pd.date_range('1/1/2000', periods=9, freq='T')
df
Out[5]: 
   a  b  c  d                time
0  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:00:00
1  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:01:00
2  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:02:00
3  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:03:00
4  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:04:00
5  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:05:00
6  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:06:00
7  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:07:00
8  0  1  2  3 2000-01-01 00:08:00

df.resample('3T', on='time').sum()

Out[81]: 
                     a  b  c  d
time                           
2000-01-01 00:00:00  0  3  6  9
2000-01-01 00:03:00  0  3  6  9
2000-01-01 00:06:00  0  3  6  9

参考资料

[1] 【python】详解pandas.DataFrame.resample根据时间聚合采样（一）2018.12