【yolov系列：yolov7改进添加SE注意力机制】

yolo系列文章目录

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学习视频： YOLOV7改进-添加注意力机制_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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yolov7各网络模型的结构图详解：yolov7各网络模型的结构图详解

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一、SE注意力机制是什么？

简介
SENet是2017年ImageNet比赛的冠军，2018年CVPR引用量第一。论文链接:SENet

较早的将attention引入到CNN中，模块化化设计。
SE模块的目的是想通过一个权重矩阵，从通道域的角度赋予图像不同位置不同的权重，得到更重要的特征信息。
SE模块的主要操作：挤压（Squeeze)、激励（Excitation）
算法流程图：

SE（Squeeze-and-Excitation）注意力机制是一种在深度学习领域中用于增强模型感知能力的关键技术。由于深度神经网络在处理复杂任务时需要更好的特征表示和抽象，SE注意力机制被引入以提高网络的性能。SE注意力机制的设计灵感来自于人类视觉系统，它使网络能够动态地关注输入数据中的重要特征，从而更有效地学习任务相关的信息。

1. 背景和动机

在传统的卷积神经网络中，每个特征通道的权重是固定的，这可能导致网络无法有效地适应不同通道的重要性。SE注意力机制的引入解决了这一问题，它能够自适应地学习每个通道的权重，使得网络更加注重重要的特征通道，忽略掉不重要的通道，从而提高了网络的表征能力。
2. SE注意力机制的核心思想

SE注意力机制的核心思想分为两个步骤：压缩（Squeeze）和激励（Excitation）。在压缩阶段，全局平均池化操作被应用于每个特征通道，得到一个全局描述特征的向量。接着，在激励阶段，该全局描述特征的向量通过两个全连接层，产生了一个通道注意力分布。这个分布被应用到输入特征图上，对每个通道的特征进行加权，从而生成了最终的特征表示。
3. 优势和应用

SE注意力机制具有以下优势：

精细特征学习：SE机制使得网络能够精细地学习每个特征通道的重要性，提高了网络对关键特征的敏感度，从而提高了特征的表征能力。

模型性能提升：SE注意力机制在各种计算机视觉任务中，如图像分类、目标检测和图像分割等，都取得了显著的性能提升。

轻量级设计：相比于一些复杂的注意力机制，SE注意力机制的设计相对简单，具有较低的计算复杂度，使得它在实际应用中更具可行性。

添加注意力机制在卷积里面

二、yolov7改进添加SE注意力机制

1.首先从github粘贴SE.py

在models里面新建SE.py，粘贴以下代码

import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init



class SEAttention(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, channel=512,reduction=16):
        super().__init__()
        self.avg_pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)
        self.fc = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(channel, channel // reduction, bias=False),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Linear(channel // reduction, channel, bias=False),
            nn.Sigmoid()
        )


    def init_weights(self):
        for m in self.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode='fan_out')
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.BatchNorm2d):
                init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
                init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
            elif isinstance(m, nn.Linear):
                init.normal_(m.weight, std=0.001)
                if m.bias is not None:
                    init.constant_(m.bias, 0)

    def forward(self, x):
        b, c, _, _ = x.size()
        y = self.avg_pool(x).view(b, c)
        y = self.fc(y).view(b, c, 1, 1)
        return x * y.expand_as(x)

2.复制109行的conv

class Conv(nn.Module):
    # Standard convolution
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True):  # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
        super(Conv, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))

    def fuseforward(self, x):
        return self.act(self.conv(x))

粘贴如下

from models.SE import SEAttention
class Conv_ATT(nn.Module):
    # Standard convolution
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True):  # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
        super(Conv_ATT, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
        self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())
        self.att =SEAttention(c2)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.att(self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x))))

    def fuseforward(self, x):
        return self.att(self.act(self.conv(x)))

然后在

 for i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d['backbone'] + d['head']):  # from, number, module, args

添加定义的con_att

然后就是yaml配置文件，

# parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0  # layer channel multiple

# anchors
anchors:
  - [12,16, 19,36, 40,28]  # P3/8
  - [36,75, 76,55, 72,146]  # P4/16
  - [142,110, 192,243, 459,401]  # P5/32

# yolov7 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]],  # 0
  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]],  # 1-P1/2      
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 3-P2/4  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],  # 11
         
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3], 1, Concat, [1]],  # 16-P3/8  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv_ATT, [512, 1, 1]],  # 24
         
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3], 1, Concat, [1]],  # 29-P4/16  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv_ATT, [1024, 1, 1]],  # 37
         
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3], 1, Concat, [1]],  # 42-P5/32  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 1, 1]],  # 50
  ]

# yolov7 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, SPPCSPC, [512]], # 51
  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [37, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], # route backbone P4
   [[-1, -2], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], # 63
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [24, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]], # route backbone P3
   [[-1, -2], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]], # 75
      
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3, 63], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], # 88
      
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3, 51], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]], # 101
   
   [75, 1, RepConv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [88, 1, RepConv, [512, 3, 1]],
   [101, 1, RepConv, [1024, 3, 1]],

   [[102,103,104], 1, IDetect, [nc, anchors]],   # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]

3.在sppc加注意力机制

需要在models里面的common.py
按住ctrl+f,搜索sppcspc，

复制粘贴如下：

class SPPCSPC_ATT(nn.Module):
    # CSP https://github.com/WongKinYiu/CrossStagePartialNetworks
    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=False, g=1, e=0.5, k=(5, 9, 13)):
        super(SPPCSPC_ATT, self).__init__()
        c_ = int(2 * c2 * e)  # hidden channels
        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv3 = Conv(c_, c_, 3, 1)
        self.cv4 = Conv(c_, c_, 1, 1)
        self.m = nn.ModuleList([nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=x, stride=1, padding=x // 2) for x in k])
        self.cv5 = Conv(4 * c_, c_, 1, 1)
        self.cv6 = Conv(c_, c_, 3, 1)
        self.cv7 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1, 1)
        self.att = SEAttention(c2)

    def forward(self, x):
        x1 = self.cv4(self.cv3(self.cv1(x)))
        y1 = self.cv6(self.cv5(torch.cat([x1] + [m(x1) for m in self.m], 1)))
        y2 = self.cv2(x)
        return self.att(self.cv7(torch.cat((y1, y2), dim=1)))

这里self.att = SEAttention(c2),c2是通道数，如果是SimAM这种不需要通道数的，就用空括号，不写c2，各个注意力机制的通道数链接：各个注意力机制的通道数
同理在加入sppcspc_att，

修改配置文件

# parameters
nc: 80  # number of classes
depth_multiple: 1.0  # model depth multiple
width_multiple: 1.0  # layer channel multiple

# anchors
anchors:
  - [12,16, 19,36, 40,28]  # P3/8
  - [36,75, 76,55, 72,146]  # P4/16
  - [142,110, 192,243, 459,401]  # P5/32

# yolov7 backbone
backbone:
  # [from, number, module, args]
  [[-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]],  # 0
  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]],  # 1-P1/2      
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],  # 3-P2/4  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [64, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],  # 11
         
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3], 1, Concat, [1]],  # 16-P3/8  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv_ATT, [512, 1, 1]],  # 24
         
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3], 1, Concat, [1]],  # 29-P4/16  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv_ATT, [1024, 1, 1]],  # 37
         
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3], 1, Concat, [1]],  # 42-P5/32  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -3, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 1, 1]],  # 50
  ]

# yolov7 head
head:
  [[-1, 1, SPPCSPC_ATT, [512]], # 51
  
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [37, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], # route backbone P4
   [[-1, -2], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], # 63
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, 'nearest']],
   [24, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]], # route backbone P3
   [[-1, -2], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]], # 75
      
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3, 63], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]], # 88
      
   [-1, 1, MP, []],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-3, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
   [[-1, -3, 51], 1, Concat, [1]],
   
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-2, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6], 1, Concat, [1]],
   [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]], # 101
   
   [75, 1, RepConv, [256, 3, 1]],
   [88, 1, RepConv, [512, 3, 1]],
   [101, 1, RepConv, [1024, 3, 1]],

   [[102,103,104], 1, IDetect, [nc, anchors]],   # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
  ]

三、添加注意力机制在Concat里面

同样的道理，与添加1的前面步骤一样。
复制代码前40行，在models文件夹下新建SE.py文件，粘贴进去。
对models文件夹下的common.py文件进行修改，在前面导入SE。
在modles文件夹中找到common.py文件的class Concat类，
在这类下面加上如下代码

class Concat_ATT(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, channel, dimension=1):
        super(Concat_ATT, self).__init__()
        self.d = dimension
        self.att = SEAttention(channel)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        return self.att(torch.cat(x, self.d))

后在models文件夹下的yolo.py文件中找到elif m is Concat:

在箭头所指这行下面 加入

        elif m is Concat_ATT:
            c2 = sum([ch[x] for x in f])
            args = [c2]

然后修改yolov7.yaml文件中的头部，将四个Concat都改成Concat_ATT，就可以进行训练。

总结

根据自己的需要修改对应的yaml文件即可验证实现不同的注意力机制效果。