怎样使用类和对象——友元函数

将普通函数声明为友元函数

• 使用友元函数的简单例子

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class time
{public:
time(int,int,int);
friend void display(time &);  //声明display函数为time类的友元函数
private:
int hour;
int minute;
int sec;
};
time::time(int h,int m,int s)
{ hour = h;
 minute = m;
 sec = s;
 }
 void display(time&t)  //这是普通函数，形参t是time类对象的引用
 { cout << t.hour << ":" << t.minute << ":" << t.sec << endl;}
 int main()
 {time t1(14,30,30);
 display(t1);
 return 0;
 }

程序运行结果

14:30:30

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.010 s
Press any key to continue.

友元成员函数

• 有一个日期（date）类的对象和一个时间（time）类的对象，均已指定了内容，要求一次输出其中的日期和时间

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class date;
class time
{public:
time(int,int,int);
void display(date &);   //display是成员函数，形参是date类对象的引用
private:
int hour;
int minute;
int sec;
};
class date
{public:
date(int,int,int);
friend void time::display(date &); //声明time中的display函数为本类的友元成员函数
private:
 int month;
 int day;
 int year;
 };
 time::time(int h,int m, int s)
 {hour = h;
 minute = m;
 sec = s;
 }
 void time::display(date &d) //display的作用是输出年月日和时分秒
 {cout << d.month << "/" <<d.day << "/" << d.year << endl; 
                            //引用date类对象中的私有数据
  cout << hour << ":" << minute << ":" << sec << endl;
  }
  date::date(int m,int d,int y)
  {month = m;
  day = d;
  year = y;
  }
  int main()
  {time t1(13,51,56);
  date d1(5,31,2021);
  t1.display(d1);         //调用t1中的display函数，实参是date类对象d1
  return 0;
  }

程序运行结果

5/31/2021
13:51:56

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.037 s
Press any key to continue.

练习

• 将上例程序中的display函数不放在time类中，而作为类外的普通函数，然后分别在time和date类中将display声明为友元函数。在主函数中调用display函数，display函数分别引用time和date两个类的对象的私有数据，输出年月日和时分秒。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class date;
class time
{public:
time(int,int,int);
friend void display(time &);
private:
int hour;
int minute;
int sec;
};
class date
{public:
date(int,int,int);
friend void display(date &); 
private:
 int month;
 int day;
 int year;
 };
 time::time(int h,int m, int s)
 {hour = h;
 minute = m;
 sec = s;
 }
 void display(date &d) 
 {cout << d.month << "/" <<d.day << "/" << d.year << endl; }
                            
  void display(time &t)
 {cout << t.hour << ":" << t.minute << ":" << t.sec << endl;
  }
  date::date(int m,int d,int y)
  {month = m;
  day = d;
  year = y;
  }
  int main()
  {time t1(13,51,56);
  date d1(5,31,2021);
  display(t1);
  display(d1); 
  return 0;
  }

程序运行结果

13:51:56
5/31/2021

Process returned 0 (0x0)   execution time : 0.021 s
Press any key to continue.