Spring框架从入门到入土(七)：Spring和Web

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-05 20:19:23 发布

BKSW.

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-05 20:19:23 发布

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分类专栏： javaweb 文章标签： spring java javaweb

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Spring框架从入门到入土(七)：Spring和Web

在web项目中使用spring框架，首先要解决在web层（这里指的是servlet）中获取spring容器的问题，只要在web层获取到了spring容器，便可以获取到service对象。

搭建Web项目环境

在web项目中使用spring，完成学生注册

实现步骤：
1. 创建maven项目，web项目
2. 加入依赖 jsp依赖和servlet依赖
3. 编写代码和配置文件
4. 创建jsp发起请求，有参数id，name，email，age
5. 创建Servlet，接收请求，调用Service和Dao完成注册
6. 创建一个jsp作为显示页面

部分代码如下：

创建maven项目

index页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>注册学生页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">注册学生页面</h1>
<hr/>
<form action="register" method="post">
    <table align="center">
        <tr>
            <td>id:</td>
            <td><input type="text" name="id"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>姓名:</td>
            <td><input type="text" name="name"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>邮件:</td>
            <td><input type="text" name="email"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>年龄:</td>
            <td><input type="text" name="age"></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td><input type="submit" value="注册"></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</form>


</body>
</html>

servlet类

package com.liar.controller;

import com.liar.entity.Student;
import com.liar.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author liar
 * @date 编写时间: 2022/4/8 19:42
 */
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String email = req.getParameter("email");
        String age = req.getParameter("age");
        System.out.println(name);

        //创建spring容器对象
        String config = "applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(config);
        System.out.println("容器的对象信息"+context);

        //获取service
        StudentService studentService = (StudentService) context.getBean("studentService");
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(Integer.parseInt(id));
        student.setName(name);
        student.setAge(Integer.parseInt(age));
        student.setEmail(email);
        studentService.addStudent(student);

        //给一个页面
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

用监听器改进

需求：web对象只需要创建一次，把容器对象放入到全局作用域servletContext中

实现：使用监听器，当全局作用域被创建的时，创建容器，存入servletContext

监听器作用：可以使用框架中提供的ContextLoaderListener

创建容器对象
把容器对象存入到servletContext

实现步骤：

加入依赖

    <!--使用监听器-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

web.xml注册监听器

   <!--注册监听器ContextLoaderListener
      修改默认的applicationContext的位置
      使用
    -->
    <context-param>
        <!--contextConfigLocation表示配置文件路径-->
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <!--自定义配置文件路径-->
        <param-value>classpath:springContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

修改servlet

package com.liar.controller;

import com.liar.entity.Student;
import com.liar.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author liar
 * @date 编写时间: 2022/4/8 19:42
 */
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String email = req.getParameter("email");
        String age = req.getParameter("age");

        WebApplicationContext context = null;
        //获取ServletContext对象中的方法,创建好的容器对象,拿来就用
        String key = WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE;
        Object attr = getServletContext().getAttribute(key);
        if(attr != null){
            context = (WebApplicationContext)attr;
        }
        System.out.println("容器的对象信息"+context);

        //获取service
        StudentService studentService = (StudentService) context.getBean("studentService");
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(Integer.parseInt(id));
        student.setName(name);
        student.setAge(Integer.parseInt(age));
        student.setEmail(email);
        studentService.addStudent(student);

        //给一个页面
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

工具类使用

package com.liar.controller;

import com.liar.entity.Student;
import com.liar.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author liar
 * @date 编写时间: 2022/4/8 19:42
 */
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String email = req.getParameter("email");
        String age = req.getParameter("age");

        WebApplicationContext context = null;
        ServletContext sc = getServletContext();
        context = WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(sc);
        System.out.println("容器的对象信息"+context);

        //获取service
        StudentService studentService = (StudentService) context.getBean("studentService");
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(Integer.parseInt(id));
        student.setName(name);
        student.setAge(Integer.parseInt(age));
        student.setEmail(email);
        studentService.addStudent(student);

        //给一个页面
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

BKSW.

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Spring框架从入门到入土(七)：Spring和Web

Spring框架从入门到入土(七)：Spring和Web在web项目中使用spring框架，首先要解决在web层（这里指的是servlet）中获取spring容器的问题，只要在web层获取到了spring容器，便可以获取到service对象。搭建Web项目环境在web项目中使用spring，完成学生注册实现步骤：1. 创建maven项目，web项目2. 加入依赖 jsp依赖和servlet依赖3. 编写代码和配置文件4. 创建jsp发起请求，有参数id，name，email，age5.
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