2021-11-23 网络编程笔记

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 15:06:01 发布

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文章标签： java 开发语言后端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51600432/article/details/121490963

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计算机网络

计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备，通过通信线路连接起来，在网络操作系统，网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下，实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息，数据交换，通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机192.168.16.124: 端口，定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2.找到了这个主机，如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程: TCP/P C/S
网络通信要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
●ip ●端口号
●192.168.16,124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议在这里插入图片描述
小结:

网络编程中有两个主要的问题
1. 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
2. 找到主机之后如何进行通信
网络编程中的要素
1. IP和端口号
2. 网络通信写协议
万物皆对象
IP地址
IP地址在 JavaInetAddress 类中
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机本机127.0.0.1: localhost.

IP地址的分类

IPV4/ IPV6协议 IPv4 127.0.0.1， 4个字节组成，0~255, 42亿~ ； 30亿在北美，亚洲4亿。2011年用尽
IPv6 2001:3CA1:010F:001A:121B:0000:0000:0010 128位。 8个无符号整数
公网（互联网）-私网（局域网）
192.168.xx.xx 一般来说是局域网，给组织内部使用
ABCD类地址（以下地址为IPv4地址）
域名：IP记忆问题
IP:www.vip.com

import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestInetAdress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName()   );
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

运行结果

/127.0.0.1
localhost/127.0.0.1
LAPTOP-U9UCOLIG/192.168.***.**
www.baidu.com/14.215.177.38
[B@6e8cf4c6
14.215.177.38
14.215.177.38
www.baidu.com

端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程：
不同的进程有不同的端口号，端口号不可冲突！用来区分软件
一般被规定为0～65535
TCP, UDP 每个协议都有65535，所以总共有 65535 * 2个端口。在单个协议下端口号不能冲突
端口分类
- 公有端口 0～1023
HTTP：80
HTTPS：443
FTP：21
Telent: 23
- 程序注册端口：1014～49151，分配给用户或者程序
Tomcat：8080
MySQL：3306
Oracle：1521
动态、私有端口：49152～65535

在这里插入图片描述

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2.getAddress());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2.getHostName());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2.getHostString());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2.getPort());
    }
}

运行结果

/127.0.0.1:8080
localhost/127.0.0.1:8080
localhost/127.0.0.1
localhost
localhost
8080

DOS命令

 netstat -ano #	查看所有命令端口
 netstat -ano|findstr "PID"#	查看指定的端口 	
 tasklist|findstr "PID"	#查看指定端口的进程

TCP

客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送信息

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestTcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket=null;
        OutputStream os=null;

        try {
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port=9999;
            socket=new Socket(serverIP,port);
            os =socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，欢迎学习网络编程".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (socket!=null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务端
1.建立服务器端口ServerSocket
2.等待用户的连接accept
3.接受用户的信息

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestTcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
        Socket socket=null;
        InputStream is=null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null;
        try {
             serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
           socket = serverSocket.accept();
         is = socket.getInputStream();
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (baos!=null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is!=null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket!=null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket!=null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

文件上传

客户端

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TestTcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws  Exception{
       Socket socket=new Socket( InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream();
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA-2020\\学习\\src\\com\\max\\day07\\tx.jpg");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=fileInputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        socket.shutdownOutput();

        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
       byte []buffer2= new byte[1024];
       int len1;
       while((len1=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
           byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer2,0,len1);
       }
        System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
        byteArrayOutputStream.close();
        fileInputStream.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

服务端

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestTcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("ttx.jpg");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }

        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接受完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());
        os.close();
        fileOutputStream.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

UDP

发送端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class TestUdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();

        String msg="你好啊，服务器！";
        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port=9090;
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,inetAddress,port);
        datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

接收端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TestUdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
        datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
        System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

咨询

发送端

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestUdpSendDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while(true){
            String data=reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
            datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
            if(data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

接收端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TestUdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while(true){
                byte[] containers = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(containers,0,containers.length);
                datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
            byte[] data =datagramPacket.getData();
            String s = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
//            System.out.println(s.trim());
//            if(s.trim().equals("bye")){
//                break;
//            }
            System.out.println(s);
            if(s.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

UDP多线程在线聊天

发送端

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestTalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket datagramSocket=null;
    BufferedReader reader=null;

    public TestTalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        try {
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private int fromPort,toPort;
  private String toIP;

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while(true){
            try {
                String data=reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(toIP,toPort));
                datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
                if(data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

接受端

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TestTalkReceive implements Runnable{
    private int myPort;
    private String msgFrom;
    DatagramSocket datagramSocket=null;
    public TestTalkReceive(int myPort,String msgFrom) {
        this.myPort = myPort;
        this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
        try {
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(myPort);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {

        try {
            while(true){
                byte[] containers = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(containers,0,containers.length);
                datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
                byte[] data =datagramPacket.getData();
                String s = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
    //            System.out.println(s.trim());
    //            if(s.trim().equals("bye")){
    //                break;
    //            }
//                System.out.println(s);
                System.out.println(msgFrom+": "+s);
                if(s.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        datagramSocket.close();
    }
}

创建学生/老师实例对象

public class TestTalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TestTalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TestTalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

public class TestTalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TestTalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TestTalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

运行结果
学生对象
老师对象

利用UDP协议发送数据，只需要“需要发送的数据+对方IP+对方Port”。
接收数据则只需要设置自己的Port即可。

URL

https://www.baidu.com/

协议：//ip地址：端口/项目名/资源

统一资源定位符：定位资源的，定位互联网上的某一个资源

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class TestUrlDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        //协议：//ip地址：端口/项目名/资源
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangsheng&passward=123");

        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件路径
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
    }
}

运行结果

http
localhost
8080
/helloworld/index.jsp
/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangsheng&passward=123
username=kuangsheng&passward=123

通过URL下载网络资源

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.*;
public class TestUrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("https://m10.music.126.net/20211125014948/e90d94f63048276a701b676e302c8190/yyaac/obj/wonDkMOGw6XDiTHCmMOi/2987357185/ac0b/8002/9c78/c8a73efda5fb684102090605650ee030.m4a");
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("D:\\IDEA-2020\\学习\\src\\com\\max\\net\\LoveStory.m4a");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fileOutputStream.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}