oop对象和类--python

类

对类的理解

类抽象出有相同属性或行为的对象 例如生物学中的贝类，哺乳类

创建类

class Car(self,brand,price):
    def __init__(self):
        self.brand = brand
        self.price = price
    def car_information(self):
        print(f"my car is {brand}")
        print(f"it cost {price}")
        
        

对象

类的实例化被称为对象

#创建对象
my_car=Car(Audi,100k)
#调用类中的函数
my_car.car_information()

继承和组合

继承

子类继承父类，可以表达出父类中的内容

交互模式

• 子类动作等同于父类动作
• 子类动作完全覆盖父类动作
• 子类动作部分覆盖父类动作

隐式继承

"""创建一个类作为父类"""
class Parent:
    def implicit(self):
       print("PARENT  implicit()")
    
"""创建另一个类作为子类"""
class Child(Parent):
    pass

dad=Parent()
son=Child()

dad.implicit()
son.implicit()



"""运行结果"""
PARENT implicit()
PARENT implicit()    

显式覆盖

要实现对父类的显式覆盖，只需在子类中重新定义一个父类中的函数

"""创建一个类作为父类"""
class Parent:
    def implicit(self):
       print("PARENT  implicit()")
    
"""创建另一个类作为子类"""
class Child(Parent):
    def implicit(self):
        print("CHILD implicit()")

dad=Parent()
son=Child()

dad.implicit()
son.implicit()



"""运行结果"""
PARENT implicit()
CHILD implicit()   

运行前或运行后进行替换

class Parent(object):
    def altered(self):
       print("PARENT implicit()")
    
class Child(Parent):
    def altered(self):
        print("CHILD , BEFORE PARENT altered()")
        super(Child , self).altered()
        print("CHILD , AFTER PARENT altered()")
        
dad = Parent()
son = Child()

dad.intered()
son.intered()

"""运行结果"""

PARENT implicit()
CHILD , BEFORE PARENT altered()
PARENT altered()
CHILD , AFTER PARENT altered()

组合

"""创建类"""
class Other(object):
    def overside(self):
        print("Other overside()")
        
    def implicit(self):
        print("Other implicit()")
        
    def altered(self):
        print("Other altrered()")
        
        
class Child(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.other = Other()
        
    def implicit(self):
        self.other.implicit()
        
    def overside(self):
        print("CHILD overside()")
        
    def altered(self):
        print("CHILD , AFTER OTHER altrered()")
        self.other.altered()
        print("CHILD , AFTER OTHER altered()")
        
        """创建实例"""

        son = Child()
        
        son.implicit()
        son.overside()
        son.alered()
        
        """运行结果"""
Other implicit()
CHILD overside()
CHILD , AFTER OTHER altrered()        
Other altrered()        
CHILD , AFTER OTHER altered()