我们已经得到了以下表达式:
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X(j\omega) = \frac{A}{-j\omega} \left( e^{-j\omega \frac{\tau}{2}} - e^{j\omega \frac{\tau}{2}} \right)
X(jω)=−jωA(e−jω2τ−ejω2τ)
现在我们需要进一步简化这个表达式:
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利用欧拉公式将指数形式转换为三角函数形式:
欧拉公式告诉我们:
e j x = cos ( x ) + j sin ( x ) e^{jx} = \cos(x) + j\sin(x) ejx=cos(x)+jsin(x)
和
e − j x = cos ( x ) − j sin ( x ) e^{-jx} = \cos(x) - j\sin(x) e−jx=cos(x)−jsin(x) -
应用欧拉公式:
我们的表达式变成:
e − j ω τ 2 − e j ω τ 2 = ( cos ( ω τ 2 ) − j sin ( ω τ 2 ) ) − ( cos ( ω τ 2 ) + j sin ( ω τ 2 ) ) e^{-j\omega \frac{\tau}{2}} - e^{j\omega \frac{\tau}{2}} = (\cos(\omega \frac{\tau}{2}) - j\sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2})) - (\cos(\omega \frac{\tau}{2}) + j\sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2})) e−jω2τ−ejω2τ=(cos(ω2τ)−jsin(ω2τ))−(cos(ω2τ)+jsin(ω2τ))
这两个项的余弦部分相互抵消,得到:
− j sin ( ω τ 2 ) − j sin ( ω τ 2 ) = − 2 j sin ( ω τ 2 ) -j\sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2}) - j\sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2}) = -2j\sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2}) −jsin(ω2τ)−jsin(ω2τ)=−2jsin(ω2τ) -
将这个结果代入原表达式:
X ( j ω ) = A − j ω ⋅ ( − 2 j sin ( ω τ 2 ) ) X(j\omega) = \frac{A}{-j\omega} \cdot (-2j\sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2})) X(jω)=−jωA⋅(−2jsin(ω2τ)) -
简化乘法:
注意到 (-j) 和 (j) 相乘得到 (-1),所以:
X ( j ω ) = A ⋅ ( − 2 j sin ( ω τ 2 ) ) − j ω = A ⋅ 2 j sin ( ω τ 2 ) j ω X(j\omega) = \frac{A \cdot (-2j \sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2}))}{-j\omega} = \frac{A \cdot 2j \sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2})}{j\omega} X(jω)=−jωA⋅(−2jsin(ω2τ))=jωA⋅2jsin(ω2τ) -
再次简化:
X ( j ω ) = 2 A sin ( ω τ 2 ) ω X(j\omega) = \frac{2A \sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2})}{\omega} X(jω)=ω2Asin(ω2τ) -
利用 (\text{Sa}(x)) 函数:
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\text{Sa}(x) = \frac{\sin(x)}{x}
Sa(x)=xsin(x)
所以可再化简为 :
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X(j\omega) = 2A \frac{\sin(\omega \frac{\tau}{2})}{\omega \frac{\tau}{2}} \cdot \frac{\tau}{2}
X(jω)=2Aω2τsin(ω2τ)⋅2τ
将这个公式进一步整理:
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X(j\omega) = A \tau \cdot \text{Sa}\left(\frac{\omega \tau}{2}\right)
X(jω)=Aτ⋅Sa(2ωτ)
通过这些步骤,我们最终得到:
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X(j\omega) = A \tau \cdot \text{Sa}\left(\frac{\omega \tau}{2}\right)
X(jω)=Aτ⋅Sa(2ωτ)
这个表达式表示傅里叶变换的结果是一个缩放后的 sinc 函数。