Day 8 时间和日期

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艺宝的科研之路

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-31 16:52:21 发布

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分类专栏：生信→R语言→单细胞文章标签： r语言

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时间序列分析

对时间序列的描述
利用前面的结果进行预测
时间数据：e.g. 每天的天气情况、北京某天雾霾、股票每天的交易量、购物网站每天交易量、每天的交通数据、医院病例信息、地方志

> class(airquality)
[1] "data.frame"              数据框
> class(airmiles)
[1] "ts"                   时间序列 time series
> airmiles
Time Series:          *每个时间点（年月日/时分秒）对应一个数值可以用这种格式
Start = 1937          *起始时间点
End = 1960            *终止时间点
Frequency = 1         *每次增加频率
 [1]   412   480   683  1052  1385  1418  1634  2178  3362  5948  6109  5981  6753
[14]  8003 10566 12528 14760 16769 19819 22362 25340 25343 29269 30514

在这里插入图片描述

> Sys.Date()            *当前时间
[1] "2022-07-07"    
> class(Sys.Date())     *时间类√   字符串×
[1] "Date"

格式化函数as.Date（）

> a <- "2017-01-01"
> class(a)
[1] "character"
> as.Date(a,format="%Y-%m-%d")                                     %Y-%m-%n %H:%M:%S
[1] "2017-01-01"
> class(as.Date(a,format="%Y-%m-%d"))
[1] "Date"

> seq("2017-01-01","2017-12-31",by=5)                             ①必须要用格式化函数使其变为时间类
Error in seq.default("2017-01-01", "2017-12-31", by = 5) : 
  'from' must be a finite number
In addition: Warning message:
In seq.default("2017-01-01", "2017-12-31", by = 5) :
  NAs introduced by coercion
  > seq(as.Date(2017-01-01),as.Date(2017-12-31),by=10)            ②字符串记得带“”
Error in as.Date.numeric(2017 - 1 - 1) : 'origin'一定得给值
> seq(as.Date("2017-01-01"),as.Date("2017-12-31"),by=10)
 [1] "2017-01-01" "2017-01-11" "2017-01-21" "2017-01-31" "2017-02-10" "2017-02-20"
 [7] "2017-03-02" "2017-03-12" "2017-03-22" "2017-04-01" "2017-04-11" "2017-04-21"
[13] "2017-05-01" "2017-05-11" "2017-05-21" "2017-05-31" "2017-06-10" "2017-06-20"
[19] "2017-06-30" "2017-07-10" "2017-07-20" "2017-07-30" "2017-08-09" "2017-08-19"
[25] "2017-08-29" "2017-09-08" "2017-09-18" "2017-09-28" "2017-10-08" "2017-10-18"
[31] "2017-10-28" "2017-11-07" "2017-11-17" "2017-11-27" "2017-12-07" "2017-12-17"
[37] "2017-12-27"

runif ( ) 生成随机数
round（）取整

> sales <- round(runif(48,min = 50,max=100))
> sales
 [1]  65  78  73  74  81  67  57  99  55  78  98  72  85  82 100  64  58  72  88  92
[21]  98  94  70  53  88  56  89  99  69  77  76  95  84  51  79  89  54  53  77  65
[41]  74  93  57  71  53  89  67  61
> ts(sales,start = c(2010,5),end = c(2014,4),frequency=1)
Time Series:
Start = 2014 
End = 2017 
Frequency = 1 
[1] 65 78 73 74
> ts(sales,start = c(2010,5),end = c(2014,4),frequency=12)
     Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2010                  65  78  73  74  81  67  57  99
2011  55  78  98  72  85  82 100  64  58  72  88  92
2012  98  94  70  53  88  56  89  99  69  77  76  95
2013  84  51  79  89  54  53  77  65  74  93  57  71
2014  53  89  67  61