C++ Primer Plus（第六版）第10章对象和类

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-16 09:00:12 发布

长沙有肥鱼

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-16 09:00:12 发布

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分类专栏： C++ Primer Plus 文章标签： c++ 开发语言

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stock00.h

// stock00.h -- Stock class interface
// version 00
#ifndef STOCK00_H_
#define STOCK00_H_

#include <string>  

class Stock  // class declaration
{
private:
	std::string company;
	long shares;
	double share_val;
	double total_val;
	void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val; }
public:
	void acquire(const std::string & co, long n, double pr);
	void buy(long num, double price);
	void sell(long num, double price);
	void update(double price);
	void show();
};    // note semicolon at the end

#endif

stock00.cpp

// stock00.cpp -- implementing the Stock class
// version 00
#include <iostream>
#include "stock00.h"

void Stock::acquire(const std::string & co, long n, double pr)
{
	company = co;
	if (n < 0)
	{
		std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; "
			<< company << " shares set to 0.\n";
		shares = 0;
	}
	else
		shares = n;
	share_val = pr;
	set_tot();
}

void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
	if (num < 0)
	{
		std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		shares += num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
	using std::cout;
	if (num < 0)
	{
		cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else if (num > shares)
	{
		cout << "You can't sell more than you have! "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		shares -= num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::update(double price)
{
	share_val = price;
	set_tot();
}

void Stock::show()
{
	std::cout << "Company: " << company
		<< "  Shares: " << shares << '\n'
		<< "  Share Price: $" << share_val
		<< "  Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';
}

usestok0.cpp

// usestok0.cpp -- the client program
// compile with stock.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "stock00.h"

int main()
{
	Stock fluffy_the_cat;
	fluffy_the_cat.acquire("NanoSmart", 20, 12.50);
	fluffy_the_cat.show();//20 $12.5 $250
	fluffy_the_cat.buy(15, 18.125);
	fluffy_the_cat.show();//20+15=35 18.125 18.125*35=634.375
	fluffy_the_cat.sell(400, 20.00);
	fluffy_the_cat.show();//20+15=35 18.125 634.375
	fluffy_the_cat.buy(300000, 40.125);
	fluffy_the_cat.show();//300000+20+15=300035 40.125 300035*40.125=12,038,904.375
	fluffy_the_cat.sell(300000, 0.125);
	fluffy_the_cat.show();//300035-300000=35 0.125  35*0.125=4.375
	// std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

执行结果：

Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 20
  Share Price: $12.5  Total Worth: $250
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 35
  Share Price: $18.125  Total Worth: $634.375
You can't sell more than you have! Transaction is aborted.
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 35
  Share Price: $18.125  Total Worth: $634.375
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 300035
  Share Price: $40.125  Total Worth: $1.20389e+07
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 35
  Share Price: $0.125  Total Worth: $4.375

修改：

void Stock::show()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::ios_base;
	ios_base::fmtflags orig = cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
	std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);
	cout << "Company: " << company
		<< "  Shares: " << shares << '\n'
		<< "  Share Price: $" << share_val;
	cout.precision(2);
	cout<< "  Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';
	cout.setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield);
	cout.precision(prec);
}

执行结果：

Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 20
  Share Price: $12.500  Total Worth: $250.00
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 35
  Share Price: $18.125  Total Worth: $634.38
You can't sell more than you have! Transaction is aborted.
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 35
  Share Price: $18.125  Total Worth: $634.38
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 300035
  Share Price: $40.125  Total Worth: $12038904.38
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 35
  Share Price: $0.125  Total Worth: $4.38

stock10.h

// stock10.h ?Stock class declaration with constructors, destructor added
#ifndef STOCK1_H_
#define STOCK1_H_
#include <string>
class Stock
{
private:
	std::string company;
	long shares;
	double share_val;
	double total_val;
	void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val; }
public:
	Stock();        // default constructor
	Stock(const std::string & co, long n = 0, double pr = 0.0);
	~Stock();       // noisy destructor
	void buy(long num, double price);
	void sell(long num, double price);
	void update(double price);
	void show();
};

#endif

stock1.cpp

// stock1.cpp ?Stock class implementation with constructors, destructor added
#include <iostream>
#include "stock10.h"

// constructors (verbose versions)
Stock::Stock()        // default constructor
{
	std::cout << "Default constructor called\n";
	company = "no name";
	shares = 0;
	share_val = 0.0;
	total_val = 0.0;
}

Stock::Stock(const std::string & co, long n, double pr)
{
	std::cout << "Constructor using " << co << " called\n";
	company = co;

	if (n < 0)
	{
		std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; "
			<< company << " shares set to 0.\n";
		shares = 0;
	}
	else
		shares = n;
	share_val = pr;
	set_tot();
}
// class destructor
Stock::~Stock()        // verbose class destructor
{
	std::cout << "Bye, " << company << "!\n";
}

// other methods
void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
	if (num < 0)
	{
		std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		shares += num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
	using std::cout;
	if (num < 0)
	{
		cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else if (num > shares)
	{
		cout << "You can't sell more than you have! "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		shares -= num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::update(double price)
{
	share_val = price;
	set_tot();
}

void Stock::show()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::ios_base;
	// set format to #.###
	ios_base::fmtflags orig =
		cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
	std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);

	cout << "Company: " << company
		<< "  Shares: " << shares << '\n';
	cout << "  Share Price: $" << share_val;
	// set format to #.##
	cout.precision(2);
	cout << "  Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';

	// restore original format
	cout.setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield);
	cout.precision(prec);
}

usestok1.cpp

// usestok1.cpp -- using the Stock class
// compile with stock10.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "stock10.h"

int main()
{
	{
		using std::cout;
		cout << "Using constructors to create new objects\n";
		Stock stock1("NanoSmart", 12, 20.0);            // syntax 1
		stock1.show();
		Stock stock2 = Stock("Boffo Objects", 2, 2.0); // syntax 2
		stock2.show();

		cout << "Assigning stock1 to stock2:\n";
		stock2 = stock1;
		cout << "Listing stock1 and stock2:\n";
		stock1.show();
		stock2.show();

		cout << "Using a constructor to reset an object\n";
		stock1 = Stock("Nifty Foods", 10, 50.0);    // temp object
		cout << "Revised stock1:\n";
		stock1.show();
		cout << "Done\n";
	}
	// std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

执行结果：

Using constructors to create new objects
Constructor using NanoSmart called
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 12
  Share Price: $20.000  Total Worth: $240.00
Constructor using Boffo Objects called
Company: Boffo Objects  Shares: 2
  Share Price: $2.000  Total Worth: $4.00
Assigning stock1 to stock2:
Listing stock1 and stock2:
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 12
  Share Price: $20.000  Total Worth: $240.00
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 12
  Share Price: $20.000  Total Worth: $240.00
Using a constructor to reset an object
Constructor using Nifty Foods called
Bye, Nifty Foods!
Revised stock1:
Company: Nifty Foods  Shares: 10
  Share Price: $50.000  Total Worth: $500.00
Done
Bye, NanoSmart!
Bye, Nifty Foods!

stock20.h

// stock20.h -- augmented version
#ifndef STOCK20_H_
#define STOCK20_H_
#include <string>

class Stock
{
private:
	std::string company;
	int shares;
	double share_val;
	double total_val;
	void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val; }
public:
	Stock();        // default constructor
	Stock(const std::string & co, long n = 0, double pr = 0.0);
	~Stock();       // do-nothing destructor
	void buy(long num, double price);
	void sell(long num, double price);
	void update(double price);
	void show()const;
	const Stock & topval(const Stock & s) const;
};

#endif

stock20.cpp

// stock20.cpp -- augmented version
#include <iostream>
#include "stock20.h"
using namespace std;
// constructors
Stock::Stock()        // default constructor
{
	company = "no name";
	shares = 0;
	share_val = 0.0;
	total_val = 0.0;
}

Stock::Stock(const std::string & co, long n, double pr)
{
	company = co;
	if (n < 0)
	{
		std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; "
			<< company << " shares set to 0.\n";
		shares = 0;
	}
	else
		shares = n;
	share_val = pr;
	set_tot();
}

// class destructor
Stock::~Stock()        // quiet class destructor
{
}

// other methods
void Stock::buy(long num, double price)
{
	if (num < 0)
	{
		std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		shares += num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::sell(long num, double price)
{
	using std::cout;
	if (num < 0)
	{
		cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else if (num > shares)
	{
		cout << "You can't sell more than you have! "
			<< "Transaction is aborted.\n";
	}
	else
	{
		shares -= num;
		share_val = price;
		set_tot();
	}
}

void Stock::update(double price)
{
	share_val = price;
	set_tot();
}

void Stock::show() const
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::ios_base;
	// set format to #.###
	ios_base::fmtflags orig =
		cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
	std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3);

	cout << "Company: " << company
		<< "  Shares: " << shares << '\n';
	cout << "  Share Price: $" << share_val;
	// set format to #.##
	cout.precision(2);
	cout << "  Total Worth: $" << total_val << '\n';

	// restore original format
	cout.setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield);
	cout.precision(prec);
}

const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock & s) const
{
	if (s.total_val > total_val)
		return s;
	else
		return *this;
}

usestok2.cpp

// usestok2.cpp -- using the Stock class
// compile with stock20.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "stock20.h"

const int STKS = 4;
int main()
{
	{
		// craeate an array of initialized objects
		Stock stocks[STKS] = {
			Stock("NanoSmart", 12, 20.0),
			Stock("Boffo Objects", 200, 2.0),
			Stock("Monolithic Obelisks", 130, 3.25),
			Stock("Fleep Enterprises", 60, 6.5)
		};

		std::cout << "Stock holdings:\n";
		int st;
		for (st = 0; st < STKS; st++)
			stocks[st].show();
		// set pointer to first element
		const Stock * top = &stocks[0];
		for (st = 1; st < STKS; st++)
			top = &top->topval(stocks[st]);//获得total_val中值最大的
		//调用stock20.cpp中的const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock & s) const
		// now top points to the most valuable holding
		std::cout << "\nMost valuable holding:\n";
		top->show(); }
	// std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

执行结果：

Stock holdings:
Company: NanoSmart  Shares: 12
  Share Price: $20.000  Total Worth: $240.00
Company: Boffo Objects  Shares: 200
  Share Price: $2.000  Total Worth: $400.00
Company: Monolithic Obelisks  Shares: 130
  Share Price: $3.250  Total Worth: $422.50
Company: Fleep Enterprises  Shares: 60
  Share Price: $6.500  Total Worth: $390.00

Most valuable holding:
Company: Monolithic Obelisks  Shares: 130
  Share Price: $3.250  Total Worth: $422.50

stack.h

// stack.h -- class definition for the stack ADT
#ifndef STACK_H_
#define STACK_H_

typedef unsigned long Item;

class Stack
{
private:
	enum { MAX = 10 };    // constant specific to class
	Item items[MAX];    // holds stack items
	int top;            // index for top stack item
public:
	Stack();
	bool isempty() const;
	bool isfull() const;
	// push() returns false if stack already is full, true otherwise
	bool push(const Item & item);   // add item to stack
	// pop() returns false if stack already is empty, true otherwise
	bool pop(Item & item);          // pop top into item
};
#endif

stack.cpp

// stack.cpp -- Stack member functions
#include "stack.h"
Stack::Stack()    // create an empty stack
{
	top = 0;
}

bool Stack::isempty() const
{
	return top == 0;
}

bool Stack::isfull() const
{
	return top == MAX;
}

bool Stack::push(const Item & item)//压入
{
	if (top < MAX)
	{
		items[top++] = item;
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}

bool Stack::pop(Item & item)//弹出
{
	if (top > 0)
	{
		item = items[--top];
		return true;
	}
	else
		return false;
}

stacker.cpp

// stacker.cpp -- testing the Stack class
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>  // or ctype.h
#include "stack.h"
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	Stack st; // create an empty stack
	char ch;
	unsigned long po;
	cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order,\n"
		<< "P to process a PO, or Q to quit.\n";
	while (cin >> ch && toupper(ch) != 'Q')
	{
		while (cin.get() != '\n')
			continue;
		if (!isalpha(ch))
		{
			cout << '\a';
			continue;
		}
		switch (ch)
		{
		case 'A':
		case 'a': cout << "Enter a PO number to add: ";
			cin >> po;
			if (st.isfull())
				cout << "stack already full\n";
			else
				st.push(po);
			break;
		case 'P':
		case 'p': if (st.isempty())
			cout << "stack already empty\n";
				  else {
			st.pop(po);
			cout << "PO #" << po << " popped\n";
		}
				  break;
		}
		cout << "Please enter A to add a purchase order,\n"
			<< "P to process a PO, or Q to quit.\n";
	}
	cout << "Bye\n";
	return 0;
}

执行结果：

Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
A
Enter a PO number to add: 17885
Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
P
PO #17885 popped
Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
A
Enter a PO number to add: 17965
Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
A
Enter a PO number to add: 18002
Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
P
PO #18002 popped
Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
P
PO #17965 popped
Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
P
stack already empty
Please enter A to add a purchase order,
P to process a PO, or Q to quit.
Q
Bye

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C++ Primer Plus（第六版）第10章对象和类

stock00.h// stock00.h -- Stock class interface// version 00#ifndef STOCK00_H_#define STOCK00_H_#include <string> class Stock // class declaration{private: std::string company; long shares; double share_val; double total_val; void .
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