原文档：使用单层全连接SNN识别MNIST — spikingjelly alpha 文档
代码地址：完整的代码位于
activation_based.examples.lif_fc_mnist.pyZhengyuanGao/spikingjelly: 开源脉冲神经网络深度学习框架 - spikingjelly - OpenI - 启智AI开源社区提供普惠算力！ (pcl.ac.cn)a
本文补充一些细节代码以解决运行报错问题，并提供可视化代码，解释核心代码作用以辅助SNN初学者快速入门！
目录
lif_fc_mnist.py（为减少运行耗时，迭代次数设置为1）
1.网络定义
class SNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, tau):
super().__init__()
self.layer = nn.Sequential(
layer.Flatten(),
layer.Linear(28 * 28, 10, bias=False),
neuron.LIFNode(tau=tau, surrogate_function=surrogate.ATan()),
)
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
return self.layer(x)（1）super：继承父类torch.nn.Module的初始化方法
（2）Sequential：顺序方式连接网络结构，首先将输入展平为一维，定义全连接层，输入格式28*28，输出10个神经元。Neuron.LIFNode为脉冲神经元层，用于对全连接层的激活，指定膜时间常数与替代函数（解决不可导问题）
（3）forward：重写前向传播函数，返回网络输出结果
2.主函数
2.1参数设置
（1）使用命令行设置LIF神经网络的超参数
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='LIF MNIST Training')
parser.add_argument('-T', default=100, type=int, help='simulating time-steps')
parser.add_argument('-device', default='cuda:0', help='device')
parser.add_argument('-b', default=64, type=int, help='batch size')
parser.add_argument('-epochs', default=100, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of total epochs to run')
parser.add_argument('-j', default=4, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of data loading workers (default: 4)')
# 添加 default='./MNIST' 以解决无下载所需文件夹问题----------------------------------------
parser.add_argument('-data-dir', type=str, default='./MNIST', help='root dir of MNIST dataset')
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
parser.add_argument('-out-dir', type=str, default='./logs', help='root dir for saving logs and checkpoint')
parser.add_argument('-resume', type =str, help='resume from the checkpoint path')
parser.add_argument('-amp', action='store_true', help='automatic mixed precision training')
parser.add_argument('-opt', type=str, choices=['sgd', 'adam'], default='adam', help='use which optimizer. SGD or Adam')
parser.add_argument('-momentum', default=0.9, type=float, help='momentum for SGD')
parser.add_argument('-lr', default=1e-3, type=float, help='learning rate')
parser.add_argument('-tau', default=2.0, type=float, help='parameter tau of LIF neuron')
注：在代码上述标记位置添加 default='./MNIST' 以解决无下载所需文件夹问题
超参数含义如下图所示：
（2） 参数代入：是否自动混合精度训练（PyTorch的自动混合精度（AMP） - 知乎 (zhihu.com)）
scaler = None
if args.amp:
scaler = amp.GradScaler()
（3）参数代入：优化器类型
optimizer = None
if args.opt == 'sgd':
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=args.lr, momentum=args.momentum)
elif args.opt == 'adam':
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=args.lr)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(args.opt)（4）是否恢复断点训练（if args.resume:从断点处开始继续训练模型）
if args.resume:
checkpoint = torch.load(args.resume, map_location='cpu')
net.load_state_dict(checkpoint['net'])
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] + 1
max_test_acc = checkpoint['max_test_acc']（5）泊松编码
encoder = encoding.PoissonEncoder()2.2主循环
（1）在主循环之前补充创建两个空数组，用于保存训练过程中的准确率，以便后续绘制曲线
（2）加载训练数据（测试数据代码大同小异，不另外分析）
for img, label in train_data_loader:
optimizer.zero_grad()
img = img.to(args.device)
label = label.to(args.device)
label_onehot = F.one_hot(label, 10).float()- 循环读取训练数据，在每次循环前，清空优化器梯度
- 将img、label放置到GPU上训练
- 对标签进行独热编码，10个类别（独热编码(One-Hot Encoding) - 知乎 (zhihu.com)）
（3）判断是否使用混合精度训练
if scaler is not None:
with amp.autocast():
out_fr = 0.
for t in range(args.T):
encoded_img = encoder(img)
out_fr += net(encoded_img)
out_fr = out_fr / args.T
loss = F.mse_loss(out_fr, label_onehot)
scaler.scale(loss).backward()
scaler.step(optimizer)
scaler.update()
else:
out_fr = 0.
for t in range(args.T):
encoded_img = encoder(img)
out_fr += net(encoded_img)
out_fr = out_fr / args.T
loss = F.mse_loss(out_fr, label_onehot)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()如果使用:
- 用amp.autocast()包裹前向计算,使其在浮点16位计算
- 用scaler缩放损失scale(loss)
- 损失回传
- 通过scaler更新优化器
如果不使用混合精度：
- 正常进行前向计算
- 损失函数计算
- 反向传播
- 优化器更新
（4）重置网络
functional.reset_net(net)SNN中的脉冲神经元在前向传播时会积累状态,比如膜电位、释放的脉冲等。重置可以清空这些状态,使网络回到初始状态。
（5）在下图位置添加对应代码保存.npy文件
3.可视化
3.1准确率
在examples文件夹下创建一个.py文件，用于对结果的可视化
代码如下：
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
test_accs = np.load("./train_accs.npy")
x = []
y = []
maxy = -1
maxx = -1
for t in range(len(test_accs)):
if test_accs[t] > maxy:
maxy = test_accs[t]
maxx = t
x.append(t)
y.append(test_accs[t])
plt.plot(x, y)
# plt.plot(test_accs)
plt.xlabel('Iteration')
plt.ylabel('Acc')
plt.title('Train Acc')
plt.annotate(r'(%d,%f)' % (maxx, maxy), xy=(maxx, maxy), xycoords='data', xytext=(+10, +20), fontsize=16,
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'), textcoords='offset points')
plt.show()
test_accs = np.load("./test_accs.npy")
x = []
y = []
maxy = -1
maxx = -1
for t in range(len(test_accs)):
if test_accs[t] > maxy:
maxy = test_accs[t]
maxx = t
x.append(t)
y.append(test_accs[t])
# plt.plot(x, y)
plt.plot(test_accs)
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Acc')
plt.title('Test Acc')
plt.annotate(r'(%d,%f)' % (maxx, maxy), xy=(maxx, maxy), xycoords='data', xytext=(+10, +20), fontsize=16,
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'), textcoords='offset points')
plt.show()
效果：
3.2测试图片与发放脉冲
添加如下代码至main()函数的末尾：
img = img.cpu().numpy().reshape(28, 28)
plt.subplot(221)
plt.imshow(img)
plt.subplot(222)
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.subplot(223)
plt.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
plt.subplot(224)
plt.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r)
plt.show()效果：
3.3脉冲发放与电压
新建文件夹，运行如下代码：
test_spike = np.load("./s_t_array.npy")
test_mem = np.load('./v_t_array.npy')
visualizing.plot_2d_heatmap(array=np.asarray(test_mem), title='Membrane Potentials', xlabel='Simulating Step',
ylabel='Neuron Index', int_x_ticks=True, x_max=100, dpi=200)
visualizing.plot_1d_spikes(spikes=np.asarray(test_spike), title='Membrane Potentials', xlabel='Simulating Step',
ylabel='Neuron Index', dpi=200)
plt.show()
效果：
4.完整代码
lif_fc_mnist.py（为减少运行耗时，迭代次数设置为1）
import os
import time
import argparse
import sys
import datetime
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.utils.data as data
from torch.cuda import amp
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
import torchvision
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from spikingjelly.activation_based import neuron, encoding, functional, surrogate, layer
class SNN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, tau):
super().__init__()
self.layer = nn.Sequential(
layer.Flatten(),
layer.Linear(28 * 28, 10, bias=False),
neuron.LIFNode(tau=tau, surrogate_function=surrogate.ATan()),
)
def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor):
return self.layer(x)
def main():
'''
:return: None
* :ref:`API in English <lif_fc_mnist.main-en>`
.. _lif_fc_mnist.main-cn:
使用全连接-LIF的网络结构，进行MNIST识别。\n
这个函数会初始化网络进行训练，并显示训练过程中在测试集的正确率。
* :ref:`中文API <lif_fc_mnist.main-cn>`
.. _lif_fc_mnist.main-en:
The network with FC-LIF structure for classifying MNIST.\n
This function initials the network, starts trainingand shows accuracy on test dataset.
'''
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='LIF MNIST Training')
parser.add_argument('-T', default=100, type=int, help='simulating time-steps')
parser.add_argument('-device', default='cuda:0', help='device')
parser.add_argument('-b', default=64, type=int, help='batch size')
# 100
parser.add_argument('-epochs', default=1, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of total epochs to run')
parser.add_argument('-j', default=4, type=int, metavar='N',
help='number of data loading workers (default: 4)')
parser.add_argument('-data-dir', type=str, default='./MNIST', help='root dir of MNIST dataset')
parser.add_argument('-out-dir', type=str, default='./logs', help='root dir for saving logs and checkpoint')
parser.add_argument('-resume', type =str, help='resume from the checkpoint path')
parser.add_argument('-amp', action='store_true', help='automatic mixed precision training')
parser.add_argument('-opt', type=str, choices=['sgd', 'adam'], default='adam', help='use which optimizer. SGD or Adam')
parser.add_argument('-momentum', default=0.9, type=float, help='momentum for SGD')
parser.add_argument('-lr', default=1e-3, type=float, help='learning rate')
parser.add_argument('-tau', default=2.0, type=float, help='parameter tau of LIF neuron')
args = parser.parse_args()
print(args)
net = SNN(tau=args.tau)
print(net)
net.to(args.device)
# 初始化数据加载器
train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
root=args.data_dir,
train=True,
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
download=True
)
test_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
root=args.data_dir,
train=False,
transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
download=True
)
train_data_loader = data.DataLoader(
dataset=train_dataset,
batch_size=args.b,
shuffle=True,
drop_last=True,
num_workers=args.j,
pin_memory=True
)
test_data_loader = data.DataLoader(
dataset=test_dataset,
batch_size=args.b,
shuffle=False,
drop_last=False,
num_workers=args.j,
pin_memory=True
)
scaler = None
if args.amp:
scaler = amp.GradScaler()
start_epoch = 0
max_test_acc = -1
optimizer = None
if args.opt == 'sgd':
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=args.lr, momentum=args.momentum)
elif args.opt == 'adam':
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=args.lr)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(args.opt)
if args.resume:
checkpoint = torch.load(args.resume, map_location='cpu')
net.load_state_dict(checkpoint['net'])
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] + 1
max_test_acc = checkpoint['max_test_acc']
out_dir = os.path.join(args.out_dir, f'T{args.T}_b{args.b}_{args.opt}_lr{args.lr}')
if args.amp:
out_dir += '_amp'
if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
os.makedirs(out_dir)
print(f'Mkdir {out_dir}.')
with open(os.path.join(out_dir, 'args.txt'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as args_txt:
args_txt.write(str(args))
writer = SummaryWriter(out_dir, purge_step=start_epoch)
with open(os.path.join(out_dir, 'args.txt'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as args_txt:
args_txt.write(str(args))
args_txt.write('\n')
args_txt.write(' '.join(sys.argv))
encoder = encoding.PoissonEncoder()
# 创建保存数组
train_accs = []
test_accs = []
for epoch in range(start_epoch, args.epochs):
start_time = time.time()
net.train()
train_loss = 0
train_acc = 0
train_samples = 0
for img, label in train_data_loader:
optimizer.zero_grad()
img = img.to(args.device)
label = label.to(args.device)
label_onehot = F.one_hot(label, 10).float()
if scaler is not None:
with amp.autocast():
out_fr = 0.
for t in range(args.T):
encoded_img = encoder(img)
out_fr += net(encoded_img)
out_fr = out_fr / args.T
loss = F.mse_loss(out_fr, label_onehot)
scaler.scale(loss).backward()
scaler.step(optimizer)
scaler.update()
else:
out_fr = 0.
for t in range(args.T):
encoded_img = encoder(img)
out_fr += net(encoded_img)
out_fr = out_fr / args.T
loss = F.mse_loss(out_fr, label_onehot)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
train_samples += label.numel()
train_loss += loss.item() * label.numel()
train_acc += (out_fr.argmax(1) == label).float().sum().item()
functional.reset_net(net)
train_time = time.time()
train_speed = train_samples / (train_time - start_time)
train_loss /= train_samples
train_acc /= train_samples
writer.add_scalar('train_loss', train_loss, epoch)
writer.add_scalar('train_acc', train_acc, epoch)
net.eval()
test_loss = 0
test_acc = 0
test_samples = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for img, label in test_data_loader:
img = img.to(args.device)
label = label.to(args.device)
label_onehot = F.one_hot(label, 10).float()
out_fr = 0.
for t in range(args.T):
encoded_img = encoder(img)
out_fr += net(encoded_img)
out_fr = out_fr / args.T
loss = F.mse_loss(out_fr, label_onehot)
test_samples += label.numel()
test_loss += loss.item() * label.numel()
test_acc += (out_fr.argmax(1) == label).float().sum().item()
functional.reset_net(net)
test_time = time.time()
test_speed = test_samples / (test_time - train_time)
test_loss /= test_samples
test_acc /= test_samples
writer.add_scalar('test_loss', test_loss, epoch)
writer.add_scalar('test_acc', test_acc, epoch)
save_max = False
if test_acc > max_test_acc:
max_test_acc = test_acc
save_max = True
checkpoint = {
'net': net.state_dict(),
'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict(),
'epoch': epoch,
'max_test_acc': max_test_acc
}
if save_max:
torch.save(checkpoint, os.path.join(out_dir, 'checkpoint_max.pth'))
torch.save(checkpoint, os.path.join(out_dir, 'checkpoint_latest.pth'))
print(args)
print(out_dir)
print(f'epoch ={epoch}, train_loss ={train_loss: .4f}, train_acc ={train_acc: .4f}, test_loss ={test_loss: .4f}, test_acc ={test_acc: .4f}, max_test_acc ={max_test_acc: .4f}')
print(f'train speed ={train_speed: .4f} images/s, test speed ={test_speed: .4f} images/s')
print(f'escape time = {(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=(time.time() - start_time) * (args.epochs - epoch))).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}\n')
# 保存数据至数组
train_accs = np.append(train_accs, train_acc)
test_accs = np.append(test_accs, test_acc)
# print(train_accs)
# 写入npy
np.save("./test_accs.npy", test_accs)
np.save("./train_accs.npy", train_accs)
# 保存绘图用数据
net.eval()
# 注册钩子
output_layer = net.layer[-1] # 输出层
output_layer.v_seq = []
output_layer.s_seq = []
def save_hook(m, x, y):
m.v_seq.append(m.v.unsqueeze(0))
m.s_seq.append(y.unsqueeze(0))
output_layer.register_forward_hook(save_hook)
with torch.no_grad():
img, label = test_dataset[0]
img = img.to(args.device)
out_fr = 0.
for t in range(args.T):
encoded_img = encoder(img)
out_fr += net(encoded_img)
out_spikes_counter_frequency = (out_fr / args.T).cpu().numpy()
print(f'Firing rate: {out_spikes_counter_frequency}')
output_layer.v_seq = torch.cat(output_layer.v_seq)
output_layer.s_seq = torch.cat(output_layer.s_seq)
v_t_array = output_layer.v_seq.cpu().numpy().squeeze() # v_t_array[i][j]表示神经元i在j时刻的电压值
np.save("v_t_array.npy",v_t_array)
s_t_array = output_layer.s_seq.cpu().numpy().squeeze() # s_t_array[i][j]表示神经元i在j时刻释放的脉冲，为0或1
np.save("s_t_array.npy",s_t_array)
img = img.cpu().numpy().reshape(28, 28)
plt.subplot(221)
plt.imshow(img)
plt.subplot(222)
plt.imshow(img, cmap='gray')
plt.subplot(223)
plt.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
plt.subplot(224)
plt.imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r)
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
lif_fc_mnist_test.py
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
test_accs = np.load("./train_accs.npy")
x = []
y = []
maxy = -1
maxx = -1
for t in range(len(test_accs)):
if test_accs[t] > maxy:
maxy = test_accs[t]
maxx = t
x.append(t)
y.append(test_accs[t])
plt.plot(x, y)
# plt.plot(test_accs)
plt.xlabel('Iteration')
plt.ylabel('Acc')
plt.title('Train Acc')
plt.annotate(r'(%d,%f)' % (maxx, maxy), xy=(maxx, maxy), xycoords='data', xytext=(+10, +20), fontsize=16,
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'), textcoords='offset points')
plt.show()
test_accs = np.load("./test_accs.npy")
x = []
y = []
maxy = -1
maxx = -1
for t in range(len(test_accs)):
if test_accs[t] > maxy:
maxy = test_accs[t]
maxx = t
x.append(t)
y.append(test_accs[t])
# plt.plot(x, y)
plt.plot(test_accs)
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.ylabel('Acc')
plt.title('Test Acc')
plt.annotate(r'(%d,%f)' % (maxx, maxy), xy=(maxx, maxy), xycoords='data', xytext=(+10, +20), fontsize=16,
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'), textcoords='offset points')
plt.show()
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