Kotlin与java的对比

打印日志

//Java
System.out.print("hello world"); 
System.out.println("hello world");
//Kotlin
print("hello world") 
println("hello world")

定义变量与常量常

//Java
String name = "hello world"; 
final String name = "hello world";
//Kotlin
var name = "hello world" 
val name = "hello world"

null声明

//Java
String otherName; 
otherName = null;
//Kotlin
var otherName : String? 
otherName = null

空判断

//Java
if (text != null) {
    int length = text.length();
}
//Kotlin
text?.let {
    val length = text.length
}
// or simply
val length = text?.length

字符串拼接

//Java
String firstName = "Android"; 
String lastName = "Architect"; 
String message = "My name is: " + firstName + " " + lastName;
//Kotlin
val firstName = "Android" 
val lastName = "Architect" 
val message = "My name is: $firstName $lastName"

换行

//Java
String text = "First Line\n" +
              "Second Line\n" +
              "Third Line";

//Kotlin
val text = """
        |First Line
        |Second Line
        |Third Line
        """.trimMargin()

三元表达式

//Java
String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";
//Kotlin
val text = if (x > 5)
              "x > 5"
           else "x <= 5"

操作符

//java
final int andResult  = a & b;
final int orResult   = a | b;
final int xorResult  = a ^ b;
final int rightShift = a >> 2;
final int leftShift  = a << 2;
final int unsignedRightShift = a >>> 2;

//Kotlin
val andResult  = a and b
val orResult   = a or b
val xorResult  = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift  = a shl 2
val unsignedRightShift = a ushr 2

类型判断和转换 (声明式)

//Java
Car car = (Car) object;
//Kotlin
var car = object as Car

类型判断和转换 (隐式)

//Java
if (object instanceof Car) {
   Car car = (Car) object;
}
//Kotlin
if (object is Car) {
   var car = object // 自动识别
}

多重条件

//Java
if (score >= 0 && score <= 300) { }
//Kotlin
if (score in 0..300) { }

更灵活的case语句

//Java
int score = // some score;
String grade;
switch (score) {
    case 10:
    case 9:
        grade = "Excellent";
        break;
    case 8:
    case 7:
    case 6:
        grade = "Good";
        break;
    case 5:
    case 4:
        grade = "OK";
        break;
    case 3:
    case 2:
    case 1:
        grade = "Fail";
        break;
    default:
        grade = "Fail";
}
//Kotlin
var score = // some score
var grade = when (score) {
    9, 10 -> "Excellent"
    in 6..8 -> "Good"
    4, 5 -> "OK"
    in 1..3 -> "Fail"
    else -> "Fail"
}

for循环

//Java

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 1; i < 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i--) { }

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i+=2) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i-=2) { }

for (String item : collection) { }

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }


//Kotlin
for (i in 1..10) { }

for (i in 1 until 10) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0) { }

for (i in 1..10 step 2) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0 step 2) { }

for (item in collection) { }

for ((key, value) in map) { }

更方便的集合操作

//Java
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "Android");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(3, "Mindorks");

// Java 9
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = Map.of(1, "Android",
                                             2, "Ali",
                                             3, "Mindorks");


//Kotlin
val listOfNumber = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
val keyValue = mapOf(1 to "Android",
                     2 to "Ali",
                     3 to "Mindorks")

遍历

//Java
// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  System.out.println(car.speed);
}

// Java 8+
cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));

// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  if (car.speed > 100) {
    System.out.println(car.speed);
  }
}

// Java 8+
cars.stream().filter(car -> car.speed > 100).forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));


//Kotlin
cars.forEach {
    println(it.speed)
}

cars.filter { it.speed > 100 }
      .forEach { println(it.speed)}

方法定义

//Java
void doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

void doSomething(int... numbers) {
   // logic here
}

//Kotlin
fun doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

fun doSomething(vararg numbers: Int) {
   // logic here
}

带返回值的方法

//Java
int getScore() {
   // logic here
   return score;
}

//Kotlin
fun getScore(): Int {
   // logic here
   return score
}

// as a single-expression function

fun getScore(): Int = score

无结束符号

//Java
int getScore(int value) {
    // logic here
    return 2 * value;
}
//Kotlin
fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
   // logic here
   return 2 * value
}

// as a single-expression function

fun getScore(value: Int): Int = 2 * value

constructor 构造器

//Java
public class Utils {

    private Utils() {
      // This utility class is not publicly instantiable
    }

    public static int getScore(int value) {
        return 2 * value;
    }

}


//Kotlin
class Utils private constructor() {

    companion object {

        fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
            return 2 * value
        }

    }
}

// another way

object Utils {

    fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
        return 2 * value
    }

}

Get Set 构造器

//Java
public class Developer {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Developer(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}


//Kotlin
data class Developer(val name: String, val age: Int)

公众号：程序员喵大人