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选取求和因子 s n = a n − 1 … a 2 a 1 b n … b 2 b 1 = 2 n − 1 n ! s_n=\frac{a_{n-1\dots a_2a_1}}{b_n\dots b_2b_1}=\frac{2^{n-1}}{n!} sn=bn…b2b1an−1…a2a1=n!2n−1，易得 T n = n ! ( 3 + 1 2 n − 1 ) T_n=n!(3+\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}) Tn=n!(3+2n−11)
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n H n = n + n / 2 + ⋯ + n / n = ( 1 + 1 + ⋯ + 1 ) + ( ( n − 1 ) / 1 + ( n − 2 ) / 2 + ⋯ + ( n − n ) / n ) = n + ∑ i = 0 n − 1 H i \begin{aligned} nH_n&=n+n/2+\dots+n/n\\ &=(1+1+\dots+1)+((n-1)/1+(n-2)/2+\dots+(n-n)/n)\\ &=n+\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}H_i \end{aligned} nHn=n+n/2+⋯+n/n=(1+1+⋯+1)+((n−1)/1+(n−2)/2+⋯+(n−n)/n)=n+i=0∑n−1Hi
因此，有
S n + ( n + 1 ) H n + 1 = S n + n + 1 + ∑ i = 0 n H i ∑ i = 0 n H i = S n + 1 − S n − n − 1 S_n+(n+1)H_{n+1}=S_n+n+1+\sum_{i=0}^nH_i\\ \sum_{i=0}^nH_i=S_{n+1}-S_n-n-1 Sn+(n+1)Hn+1=Sn+n+1+i=0∑nHii=0∑nHi=Sn+1−Sn−n−1 -
提出第一项或最后一项，分别可以得到 S n = 1 − S n − 1 和 S n = ( − 1 ) n + S n − 1 S_n=1-S_{n-1}和S_n=(-1)^n+S_{n-1} Sn=1−Sn−1和Sn=(−1)n+Sn−1，从而 S n = [ n = 0 ( m o d 2 ) ] S_n=[n=0(mod\ 2)] Sn=[n=0(mod 2)]
同样处理，有 T n = n − T n − 1 = T n − 1 + S n − 1 , T n = n + [ n = 1 ( m o d 2 ) ] 2 T_n=n-T_{n-1}=T_{n-1}+S_{n-1}, T_n=\frac{n+[n=1(mod\ 2)]}{2} Tn=n−Tn−1=Tn−1+Sn−1,Tn=2n+[n=1(mod 2)]
以及 U n = U n − 1 + 2 T n − 1 + S n − 1 = − U n − 1 + n 2 = T n − 1 + S n − 1 + n 2 2 = n 2 + n U_n=U_{n-1}+2T_{n-1}+S_{n-1}=-U_{n-1}+n^2=T_{n-1}+\frac{S_{n-1}+n^2}{2}=n^2+n Un=Un−1+2Tn−1+Sn−1=−Un−1+n2=Tn−1+2Sn−1+n2=n2+n
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注意到，
2 S n = ∑ 1 ≤ k , j ≤ n ( a j b k − a k b j ) 2 − ∑ 1 ≤ k = j ≤ n ( a j b k − a k b j ) 2 = ∑ 1 ≤ j ≤ n ∑ 1 ≤ k ≤ n ( a j b k − a k b j ) 2 = ∑ 1 ≤ j ≤ n ∑ 1 ≤ k ≤ n a j 2 b k 2 − 2 a k a j b k b j + a k 2 b j 2 = ∑ 1 ≤ j ≤ n a j 2 ∑ 1 ≤ k ≤ n b k 2 − 2 ∑ 1 ≤ j ≤ n a j 2 b j 2 ∑ 1 ≤ k ≤ n a k 2 b k 2 + ∑ 1 ≤ j ≤ n b j 2 ∑ 1 ≤ k ≤ n a k 2 = 2 × r e s u l t Q . E . D \begin{aligned} 2S_n&=\sum_{1\le k,j\le n}(a_jb_k-a_kb_j)^2-\sum_{1\le k=j\le n}(a_jb_k-a_kb_j)^2\\ &=\sum_{1\le j\le n}\sum_{1\le k\le n}(a_jb_k-a_kb_j)^2\\ &=\sum_{1\le j\le n}\sum_{1\le k\le n}a_j^2b_k^2-2a_ka_jb_kb_j+a_k^2b_j^2\\ &=\sum_{1\le j\le n}a_j^2\sum_{1\le k\le n}b_k^2-2\sum_{1\le j\le n}a_j^2b_j^2\sum_{1\le k\le n}a_k^2b_k^2+\sum_{1\le j\le n}b_j^2\sum_{1\le k\le n}a_k^2\\ &=2\times result\\ Q.E.D \end{aligned} 2SnQ.E.D=1≤k,j≤n∑(ajbk−akbj)2−1≤k=j≤n∑(ajbk−akbj)2=1≤j≤n∑1≤k≤n∑(ajbk−akbj)2=1≤j≤n∑1≤k≤n∑aj2bk2−2akajbkbj+ak2bj2=1≤j≤n∑aj21≤k≤n∑bk2−21≤j≤n∑aj2bj21≤k≤n∑ak2bk2+1≤j≤n∑bj21≤k≤n∑ak2=2×result -
非常抱歉，我得到的答案始终是 2 H n + 1 − n + 2 n + 1 2H_{n+1}-\frac{n+2}{n+1} 2Hn+1−n+1n+2。
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使用分部求和就可以了。
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分配律： ∏ k ∈ K c a k = c # K ∏ k ∈ K a k \prod_{k\in K}ca_k=c^{\#K}\prod_{k\in K}a_k ∏k∈Kcak=c#K∏k∈Kak
结合律： ∏ k ∈ K a k b k = ∏ k ∈ K a k ∏ k ∈ K b k \prod_{k\in K}a_kb_k=\prod_{k\in K}a_k\prod_{k\in K}b_k ∏k∈Kakbk=∏k∈Kak∏k∈Kbk
交换律： ∏ k ∈ K a k = ∏ p ( k ) ∈ K a p ( k ) \prod_{k\in K}a_k=\prod_{p(k)\in K}a_{p(k)} ∏k∈Kak=∏p(k)∈Kap(k)
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根据对称性，乘2以后提出j=k就可以了，结果是 ( ∏ 1 ≤ k ≤ n a k ) 2 − ∏ 1 ≤ k ≤ n a k 2 (\prod_{1\le k\le n}a_k)^2-\prod_{1\le k\le n}a_k^2 (∏1≤k≤nak)2−∏1≤k≤nak2
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看了答案才会。
KaTeX parse error: Got function '\underline' with no arguments as superscript at position 13: \triangle(c^\̲u̲n̲d̲e̲r̲l̲i̲n̲e̲{x})=c^\underli…
KaTeX parse error: Got function '\underline' with no arguments as superscript at position 17: …triangle(-(-2)^\̲u̲n̲d̲e̲r̲l̲i̲n̲e̲{x-2})=(-2)^\un…
KaTeX parse error: Got function '\underline' with no arguments as superscript at position 18: …um_{k=1}^n(-2)^\̲u̲n̲d̲e̲r̲l̲i̲n̲e̲{k}/k=-(-2)^\un…
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第二、三行不能交换求和顺序，因为各项不绝对收敛。
《具体数学》第二章课后习题-作业题个人解答
最新推荐文章于 2024-06-30 19:33:56 发布
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