【C++】对文章分词,并对词频用不同排序方法排序,比较各排序算法效率

1.问题描述

中文自然语言处理中,分词是对文本进行分析的最基础工作。现有一段文章,要求对文章进行分词并且对词按词频进行排序。

基本要求:

查找并下载中文词典,根据该词典,对给出的3年内政府工作报告等文章,统计该文本的词频,分析近3年政府工作报告中最高词频的变化。 用快速排序,冒泡排序两种方法对词频进行排序,并保存在不同的文件中。

提高要求:

在基本要求完成的基础上,用直接插入排序、用归并排序、堆排序对词频进行排序,给出效率对比结果,包括时间效率和空间效率,并保存在不同文件中。 分析不同词频情况下(例如正序、逆序、随机)上述几种排序算法的效率。

2.需求分析

软件的基本功能:

根据本地中文词典对给定的文章进行分词,并统计词频。用快速排序,冒泡排序对词频进行排序,并将排序结果保存在不同文件中。再用直接插入排序、归并排序、堆排序对词频进行排序,并对这五种排序算法的时间效率和空间效率进行比较,分析不同词频情况下排序算法的效率,将对比结果保存在不同文件中。

输入/输出形式:

用户可以通过文件进行操作。程序将输出分词结果、词频统计结果、排序结果以及排序算法的效率对比结果到不同文件中。

输入形式:

在“文章输入”文件中输入文章内容。

输出形式:

将分词结果、词频统计结果、排序结果以及排序算法的效率对比结果输出到不同文件中。
测试数据要求:用户可以输入包含大量文本的文章,以及具有不同词频情况的测试数据,用于测试排序算法的效率和准确性。

3.概要设计

3.1 主程序流程

主程序流程图

3.2 函数调用关系

函数调用关系

4.主函数实现

4.1 main.h

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;
#define ERROR cerr << "Open error !" << endl; exit(0);

//词语结构
struct Word
{
	string word;   //词语
	int sum;       //频率
};

extern int maxLen;     //单个词语最大长度
extern int totalWord;  //存储词语总个数
extern unordered_map<string, int> hashMap;   //存储词语和频率

void processDic(string _inFile);
void forwardMax(string _inFile, string _outFile);
void countWordFreq(Word* arr, string _outFile);
void reversequickSort(Word* r, int low, int high);
void quickResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2, string _outFile3);
void bubbleResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2, string _outFile3);
void insertResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2);
void mergeResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2);
void heapResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2);

4.2 main.cpp

#include "main.h"

int maxLen = 0;
int totalWord = 0;
unordered_map<string, int> hashMap;

int main()
{
	cout << "正在运行中..." << endl;
	 
	processDic("中文词典.txt");
	forwardMax("文章输入.txt", "分词结果.txt");

	Word* arr = new Word[totalWord];

	countWordFreq(arr, "词频统计.txt");
	quickResult(arr, "快速排序结果.txt", "时间效率对比结果.txt", "空间效率对比结果.txt");
	bubbleResult(arr, "冒泡排序结果.txt", "时间效率对比结果.txt", "空间效率对比结果.txt");
    insertResult(arr, "时间效率对比结果.txt", "空间效率对比结果.txt");
	mergeResult(arr, "时间效率对比结果.txt", "空间效率对比结果.txt");
	heapResult(arr, "时间效率对比结果.txt", "空间效率对比结果.txt");
	
	system("cls");
	cout << "已完成!" << endl;
	delete[] arr;

	return 0;
}

5. 函数实现

5.1 processDic函数

用于处理词典,将词典词语存储在哈希表中,并统计词语的最大长度。

//过滤非中文字符
bool Check(string s)
{
	if (s[0] >= 0 && s[0] < 256)
	{
		return false;
	}
	else
	{
		return true;
	}
}

//处理词典
void processDic(string _inFile)
{
	ifstream inFile(_inFile);

	if (!inFile)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	string str;

	while (inFile >> str)
	{
		if (Check(str))
		{
			if (str.size() > maxLen)
			{
				maxLen = str.size();
			}

			hashMap[str] = 0;
		}	
	}

	inFile.close();
	inFile.clear();
}

5.2 forwardMax函数

用正向最大匹配算法对输入的文章进行分词,在查找过程中统计文章词语数量,便于动态申请数组空间,并统计词频,最后将分词结果保存在文件中。

//文章分词
//正向最大匹配算法
void forwardMax(string _inFile, string _outFile)
{
	ifstream inFile(_inFile);
	ofstream outFile(_outFile);

	if (!inFile || !outFile)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	ostringstream temp;
	temp << inFile.rdbuf();
	string textTmp = temp.str();

	int Begin = 0, End = textTmp.size();

	while (Begin < End)
	{
		string str;
		int num;

		for (num = min(maxLen, (End - Begin)); num > 0; num--)
		{
			str = textTmp.substr(Begin, num);

			if (hashMap.find(str) != hashMap.end())
			{
				if (hashMap[str] == 0)
				{
					totalWord++;
				}

				outFile << str;
				Begin += num;
				hashMap[str]++;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (num == 0)
		{
			outFile << textTmp.substr(Begin, 1);
			Begin += 1;
		}

		outFile << "/";
	}

	inFile.close();
	inFile.clear();
	outFile.close();
	outFile.clear();
}

5.3 countWordFreq函数

用于统计文章词频,并将统计结果保存在文件中。

//统计词频
void countWordFreq(Word* arr, string _outFile)
{
	ofstream outFile(_outFile);

	if (!outFile)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	int i = 0;

	for (unordered_map<string, int>::iterator it = hashMap.begin(); it != hashMap.end(); it++)
	{
		if (it->second > 0)
		{
			arr[i].word = it->first;
			arr[i].sum = it->second;
			i++;

			outFile << it->first << "\t\t出现次数:\t" << it->second << endl;
		}
	}

	outFile.close();
	outFile.clear();
}

5.4 quickResult函数

实现对随机词频、正序词频、逆序词频的快速排序,并将排序结果,排序时间、空间效率保存在不同文件中。

double quickMemory = 0;

//快速排序
int Part(Word* r, int low, int high)
{
	int i = low, j = high;

	while (i < j)
	{
		while (i < j && r[i].sum >= r[j].sum)
		{
			j--;
		}

		if (i < j)
		{
			swap(r[i], r[j]);
			i++;
		}

		while (i < j && r[i].sum >= r[j].sum)
		{
			i++;
		}

		if (i < j)
		{
			swap(r[i], r[j]);
			j--;
		}
	}

	quickMemory += sizeof(int) * 2;
	return i;
}

void quickSort(Word* r, int low, int high)
{
	if (low < high)
	{
		int pivot = Part(r, low, high);
		quickSort(r, low, pivot - 1);
		quickSort(r, pivot + 1, high);
	}

	quickMemory += sizeof(int);
}

//快速排序结果
void quickResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2, string _outFile3)
{
	Word* r = new Word[totalWord];
	clock_t start1, end1, start2, end2, start3, end3;

	copy(arr, arr + totalWord, r);

	ofstream outFile1(_outFile1);
	ofstream outFile2(_outFile2);
	ofstream outFile3(_outFile3);

	if (!outFile1 || !outFile2 || !outFile3)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	start1 = clock();
	quickSort(r, 0, totalWord - 1);
	end1 = clock();

	outFile3 << "排序方法\t\t所占内存大小\n\n";
	outFile3 << "快速排序\t\t" << quickMemory / 1024 << "KB" <<  endl << endl;	
	
	start2 = clock();
	quickSort(r, 0, totalWord - 1);
	end2 = clock();

	reversequickSort(r, 0, totalWord - 1);

	start3 = clock();
	quickSort(r, 0, totalWord - 1);
	end3 = clock();
	
	for (int i = 0; i < totalWord; i++)
	{
		outFile1 << r[i].word << "\t\t出现次数:\t" << r[i].sum << endl;
	}

	outFile2 << "排序方法\t\t随机词频用时\t\t正序词频用时\t\t逆序词频用时\n\n";
	outFile2 << "快速排序\t\t" << double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t"
		<< double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t" << double(end3 - start3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\n\n";
	
	delete[] r;
	outFile1.close();
	outFile1.clear();
	outFile2.close();
	outFile2.clear();
	outFile3.close();
	outFile3.clear();
}

5.5 bubbleResult函数

double bubbleMemory = 0;

//冒泡排序
void bubbleSort(Word* r, int n)
{
	int exchange = n;

	while (exchange != 0)
	{
		int bound = exchange;
		exchange = 0;

		for (int i = 1; i < bound; i++)
		{
			if (r[i - 1].sum < r[i].sum)
			{
				swap(r[i - 1], r[i]);
				exchange = i;
			}
		}
	}

	bubbleMemory += sizeof(int) * 3;
}

//冒泡排序结果
void bubbleResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2, string _outFile3)
{
	Word* r = new Word[totalWord];
	clock_t start1, end1, start2, end2, start3, end3;

	copy(arr, arr + totalWord, r);

	ofstream outFile1(_outFile1);
	ofstream outFile2(_outFile2, ofstream::app);
	ofstream outFile3(_outFile3, ofstream::app);

	if (!outFile1 || !outFile2 || !outFile3)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	start1 = clock();
	bubbleSort(r, totalWord);
	end1 = clock();

	outFile3 << "冒泡排序\t\t" << bubbleMemory / 1024 << "KB" <<  endl << endl;		
	
	start2 = clock();
	bubbleSort(r, totalWord);
	end2 = clock();

	reversequickSort(r, 0, totalWord - 1);

	start3 = clock();
	bubbleSort(r, totalWord);
	end3 = clock();
	
	for (int i = 0; i < totalWord; i++)
	{
		outFile1 << r[i].word << "\t\t出现次数:\t" << r[i].sum << endl;
	}

	outFile2 << "冒泡排序\t\t" << double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t"
		<< double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t" << double(end3 - start3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\n\n";
	
	delete[] r;
	outFile1.close();
	outFile1.clear();
	outFile2.close();
	outFile2.clear();
	outFile3.close();
	outFile3.clear();
}

5.7 insertResult函数

double insertMemory = 0;

//直接插入排序
void insertSort(Word* r, int n)
{
	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		Word temp = r[i];
		int j;

		for (j = i; j > 0 && r[j - 1].sum < temp.sum; j--)
		{
			r[j] = r[j - 1];
		}

		r[j] = temp;
	}

	insertMemory += sizeof(int) * 2 + sizeof(Word);
}

//直接插入排序结果
void insertResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2)
{
	Word* r = new Word[totalWord];
	clock_t start1, end1, start2, end2, start3, end3;

	copy(arr, arr + totalWord, r);

	ofstream outFile1(_outFile1, ofstream::app);
	ofstream outFile2(_outFile2, ofstream::app);

	if (!outFile1 || !outFile2)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	start1 = clock();
	insertSort(r, totalWord);
	end1 = clock();

	outFile2 << "直接插入排序\t" << insertMemory / 1024 << "KB" <<  endl << endl;	
	
	start2 = clock();
	insertSort(r, totalWord);
	end2 = clock();

	reversequickSort(r, 0, totalWord - 1);

	start3 = clock();
	insertSort(r, totalWord);
	end3 = clock();
	
	outFile1 << "直接插入排序\t" << double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t"
		<< double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t" << double(end3 - start3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\n\n";
	
	delete[] r;
	outFile1.close();
	outFile1.clear();
	outFile2.close();
	outFile2.clear();
}

5.8 mergeResult函数

double mergeMemory = sizeof(Word) * totalWord;

//归并排序
void Merge(Word* a, Word* b, int low, int mid, int high)
{
	int i = low, j = mid + 1, k = 0;

	while (i <= mid && j <= high)
	{
		if (a[i].sum >= a[j].sum)
		{
			b[k++] = a[i++];
		}
		else
		{
			b[k++] = a[j++];
		}
	}

	while (i <= mid)
	{
		b[k++] = a[i++];
	}

	while (j <= high)
	{
		b[k++] = a[j++];
	}

	k = 0;

	for (int i = low; i <= high; i++)
	{
		a[i] = b[k++];
	}

	mergeMemory +=  sizeof(int) * 3;
}

void mergeSort(Word* r1, Word* r2, int low, int high)
{
	if (low < high)
	{
		int mid = (low + high) / 2;
		mergeSort(r1, r2, low, mid);
		mergeSort(r1, r2, mid + 1, high);
		Merge(r1, r2, low, mid, high);
	}

	mergeMemory += sizeof(int);
}

//归并排序结果
void mergeResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2)
{
	Word* r1 = new Word[totalWord];
	Word* r2 = new Word[totalWord];
	clock_t start1, end1, start2, end2, start3, end3;

	copy(arr, arr + totalWord, r1);

	ofstream outFile1(_outFile1, ofstream::app);
	ofstream outFile2(_outFile2, ofstream::app);

	if (!outFile1 || !outFile2)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	start1 = clock();
	mergeSort(r1, r2, 0, totalWord - 1);
	end1 = clock();

	outFile2 << "归并排序\t\t" << mergeMemory / 1024 << "KB" <<  endl << endl;	
	
	start2 = clock();
	mergeSort(r1, r2, 0, totalWord - 1);
	end2 = clock();

	reversequickSort(r1, 0, totalWord - 1);

	start3 = clock();
	mergeSort(r1, r2, 0, totalWord - 1);
	end3 = clock();
	
	outFile1 << "归并排序\t\t" << double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t"
		<< double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t" << double(end3 - start3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\n\n";
	
	delete[] r1;
	delete[] r2;
	outFile1.close();
	outFile1.clear();
	outFile2.close();
	outFile2.clear();
}

5.9 heapResult函数

double heapMemory = 0;

//堆排序
void Sift(Word* r, int start, int end)
{
	int i = start, j = 2 * start + 1;

	while (j < end)
	{
		if (j + 1 < end && r[j].sum > r[j + 1].sum)
		{
			j++;
		}

		if (r[i].sum < r[j].sum)
		{
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			swap(r[i], r[j]);
			i = j;
			j = i * 2 + 1;
		}
	}

	heapMemory += sizeof(int) * 2;
}

void heapSort(Word* r, int n)
{
	for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		Sift(r, i, n);
	}

	for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--)
	{
		swap(r[0], r[i]);
		Sift(r, 0, i);
	}

	heapMemory += sizeof(int);
}

//堆排序结果
void heapResult(Word* arr, string _outFile1, string _outFile2)
{
	Word* r = new Word[totalWord];
	clock_t start1, end1, start2, end2, start3, end3;

	copy(arr, arr + totalWord, r);

	ofstream outFile1(_outFile1, ofstream::app);
	ofstream outFile2(_outFile2, ofstream::app);

	if (!outFile1 || !outFile2)
	{
		ERROR;
	}

	start1 = clock();
	heapSort(r, totalWord);
	end1 = clock();

	outFile2 << "堆排序\t\t" << heapMemory / 1024 << "KB" <<  endl << endl;	
	
	start2 = clock();
	heapSort(r, totalWord);
	end2 = clock();

	reversequickSort(r, 0, totalWord - 1);

	start3 = clock();
	heapSort(r, totalWord);
	end3 = clock();

	outFile1 << "堆排序\t\t" << double(end1 - start1) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t"
		<< double(end2 - start2) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\t\t\t" << double(end3 - start3) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << "s\n\n";

	delete[] r;
	outFile1.close();
	outFile1.clear();
	outFile2.close();
	outFile2.clear();
}

6. 使用说明

在程序文件同一目录下的“文章输入.txt”中输入所要进行操作的文章。
运行程序,待控制台显示由“正在运行中…”转变成“已完成!”时,分词、统计、排序等操作便一并完成,并以文件形式保存在同一目录下,通过文件名称即可查看相应操作结果。

7. 程序具体实现

点击下方链接即可 ^ ^
此为链接,可查看/下载

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