基于OpenCV的函数返回Mat与通过引用获取参数的效率对比

/*
* 本代码执行的平台是VS2015+OpenCV3.1+VC14 x32编译器
* CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-5200U CPU @2.20Ghz
* RAM: 8GB
*
* 测试图片分辨率为:1212 * 605
*
* 某个时刻Debug测试结果为:
* Return:1.0174e+07
* NotReturn:8.10438e+06
* Ratio:  1.25537
*
* 某个时刻Release测试结果为:
* Return:6.23904e+06
* NotReturn:4.55313e+06
* Ratio:  1.37028
*
* 总结: 实验操作代码必须可以对Mat的数据(data, 不是引用)进行操作,
* 如果不是操作只是简单的返回, 那么可能会由于优化, 达不到预期的效果.
* 如果只是简单的返回, 那么return速度要比not-return速度要快10%左右.即Ratio值大约是0.9
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"

static cv::Mat ReturnMat()
{
    std::string path = "../Resources/1-SRC.bmp";
    cv::Mat img = cv::imread(path, cv::IMREAD_COLOR);
    cv::Mat t;
    t = img + 1;
    return t;
}

static void NotReturnMat(cv::Mat& dst)
{
    std::string path = "../Resources/1-SRC.bmp";
    cv::Mat img = cv::imread(path, cv::IMREAD_COLOR);
    dst = img + 1;
}

void test_return_Mat()
{
    const int TIMES = 500;

    // test return
    double returnStart = (double)cv::getTickCount();
    cv::Mat dst;
    for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; ++i)
    {
        dst = ReturnMat();
    }
    double returnEnd = (double)cv::getTickCount();
    double returnTime = returnEnd - returnStart;
    std::cout << "Return:" << returnTime << std::endl;

    // test not return
    double notReturnStart = (double)cv::getTickCount();
    cv::Mat dst2;
    for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; ++i)
    {
        NotReturnMat(dst2);
    }
    double notReturnEnd =  (double)cv::getTickCount();
    double notReturnTime = notReturnEnd - notReturnStart;
    std::cout << "NotReturn:" << notReturnTime << std::endl;

    std::cout << "Ratio:\t" << double(returnTime) / double(notReturnTime) << std::endl;
}