python-opencv广义霍夫变换

广义霍夫变换就是利用霍夫变换的基本原理进行了推广，用来寻找任意闭合几何图形，这里主要是记录一下找到的资源

模板图像为以下两个，一个是菱形一个是S形：

import os
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from collections import defaultdict
from scipy.misc import imread
from skimage.feature import canny
from scipy.ndimage.filters import sobel

# Good for the b/w test images used
MIN_CANNY_THRESHOLD = 10
MAX_CANNY_THRESHOLD = 50
    
def gradient_orientation(image):
    '''
    Calculate the gradient orientation for edge point in the image
    '''
    dx = sobel(image, axis=0, mode='constant')
    dy = sobel(image, axis=1, mode='constant')
    gradient = np.arctan2(dy,dx) * 180 / np.pi
    
    return gradient
    
def build_r_table(image, origin):
    '''
    Build the R-table from the given shape image and a reference point
    '''
    edges = canny(image, low_threshold=MIN_CANNY_THRESHOLD, 
                  high_threshold=MAX_CANNY_THRESHOLD)
    gradient = gradient_orientation(edges)
    
    r_table = defaultdict(list)
    for (i,j),value in np.ndenumerate(edges):
        if value:
            r_table[gradient[i,j]].append((origin[0]-i, origin[1]-j))

    return r_table

def accumulate_gradients(r_table, grayImage):
    '''
    Perform a General Hough Transform with the given image and R-table
    '''
    edges = canny(grayImage, low_threshold=MIN_CANNY_THRESHOLD, 
                  high_threshold=MAX_CANNY_THRESHOLD)
    gradient = gradient_orientation(edges)
    
    accumulator = np.zeros(grayImage.shape)
    for (i,j),value in np.ndenumerate(edges):
        if value:
            for r in r_table[gradient[i,j]]:
                accum_i, accum_j = i+r[0], j+r[1]
                if accum_i < accumulator.shape[0] and accum_j < accumulator.shape[1]:
                    accumulator[int(accum_i), int(accum_j)] += 1
                    
    return accumulator

def general_hough_closure(reference_image):
    '''
    Generator function to create a closure with the reference image and origin
    at the center of the reference image
    
    Returns a function f, which takes a query image and returns the accumulator
    '''
    referencePoint = (reference_image.shape[0]/2, reference_image.shape[1]/2)
    r_table = build_r_table(reference_image, referencePoint)
    
    def f(query_image):
        return accumulate_gradients(r_table, query_image)
        
    return f

def n_max(a, n):
    '''
    Return the N max elements and indices in a
    '''
    indices = a.ravel().argsort()[-n:]
    indices = (np.unravel_index(i, a.shape) for i in indices)
    return [(a[i], i) for i in indices]

def test_general_hough(gh, reference_image, query):
    '''
    Uses a GH closure to detect shapes in an image and create nice output
    '''
    query_image = imread(query, flatten=True)
    accumulator = gh(query_image)

    plt.clf()
    plt.gray()
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
    plt.title('Reference image')
    plt.imshow(reference_image)
    
    fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
    plt.title('Query image')
    plt.imshow(query_image)
    
    fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
    plt.title('Accumulator')
    plt.imshow(accumulator)
    
    fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)
    plt.title('Detection')
    plt.imshow(query_image)
    
    # top 5 results in red
    m = n_max(accumulator, 5)
    y_points = [pt[1][0] for pt in m]
    x_points = [pt[1][1] for pt in m] 
    plt.scatter(x_points, y_points, marker='o', color='r')

    # top result in yellow
    i,j = np.unravel_index(accumulator.argmax(), accumulator.shape)
    plt.scatter([j], [i], marker='x', color='y')
    
    d,f = os.path.split(query)[0], os.path.splitext(os.path.split(query)[1])[0]
    plt.savefig(os.path.join(d, f + '_output.png'))

    plt.show()
    
    return

def test():
    reference_image = imread("../images/s.png", flatten=True)
    detect_s = general_hough_closure(reference_image)
    test_general_hough(detect_s, reference_image, "../images/s_test.png")
    
    reference_image = imread("../images/diamond.png", flatten=True)
    detect_s = general_hough_closure(reference_image)
    test_general_hough(detect_s, reference_image, "../images/diamond_test1.png")
    test_general_hough(detect_s, reference_image, "../images/diamond_test2.png")
    test_general_hough(detect_s, reference_image, "../images/diamond_test3.png")
    test_general_hough(detect_s, reference_image, "../images/diamond_test4.png")
    test_general_hough(detect_s, reference_image, "../images/diamond_test5.png")
    test_general_hough(detect_s, reference_image, "../images/diamond_test6.png")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()
    

原始地址：https://github.com/vmonaco/general-hough