Cocos3.0数据结构Value Map Vector

cocos2d::Value

http://cn.cocos2d-x.org/article/index?type=cocos2d-x&url=/doc/cocos-docs-master/manual/framework/native/v3/data-structure/value/zh.md

cocos2d::Value是许多基本类型(int,float,double,bool,unsigned char,char*和std::string)还有std::vector<Value>,std::unordered_map<std::string,Value>和std::unordered_map<int,Value>这些类的包装类型。

你可以将上面提及的基本类放进cocos2d::Value对象将它们转换成对应的类型，反之亦然。

注意：当处理基本类型和和容器时，请使用cocos2d::Vector<T>,cocos2d::Map<K,V>和cocos2d::Value。

cocos2d::Value的内存由它的析构函数来释放，所以使用cocos2d::Value时请尽量用推荐的最佳做法。

注意：cocos2d::Value不能像其它cocos2d类型一样使用retain/release和refcount内存管理

当要使用基本类型的聚合时，将基本类型包装成cocos2d::Value，然后将它们和模版容器cocos2d::Vector和cocos2d::Map联合使用。

实例:

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Value val;   // call the default constructor if (val.isNull()) {      log ( "val is null" ); } else {      std::string str =val.getDescription();      log ( "The description of val0:%s" ,str.c_str()); } //---------------------------------------------------- Value val1(65);   // initialize with a integer //Value val1(3.4f);   // initialize with a float value //Value val1(3.5);   // initialize with a double value log ( "The description of the integer value:%s" ,val1.getDescription().c_str()); log ( "val1.asByte() = %c" ,val1.asByte()); //---------------------------------------------------- std::string strV = "string" ; Value val2(strV);   // initialize with string log ( "The description of the string value:%s" ,val2.getDescription().c_str()); //---------------------------------------------------- auto sp0 = Sprite::create(); Vector<Object*>* vecV = new Vector<Object*>(); vecV->pushBack(sp0); Value val3(vecV);   // initialize with Vector log ( "The description of the Vector value:%s" ,val3.getDescription().c_str()); delete vecV; //---------------------------------------------------- Map<std::string, Object*>* mapV = new Map<std::string, Object*>(); mapV->insert(strV,sp0); Value val4(mapV);   // initialize with Map log ( "The description of the Map value:%s" ,val4.getDescription().c_str()); delete mapV; //---------------------------------------------------- Value val6(&val4);   // initialize with Map log ( "The description of the Value-type value:%s" ,val6.getDescription().c_str()); //---------------------------------------------------- val2 = val1;   // assigning between 2 Value-type log ( "operator-> The description of val2:%s" ,val2.getDescription().c_str()); val2 = 4;   //assigning directly log ( "operator-> The description of val4:%s" ,val2.getDescription().c_str());

cocos2d::Vector

http://cn.cocos2d-x.org/article/index?type=cocos2d-x&url=/doc/cocos-docs-master/manual/framework/native/v3/data-structure/vector/zh.md

cocos2d::Vector<T>为cocos2d::CCArray的替代品

事件复杂度为：

• 随机访问，O(1)
• 将元素插入到尾部或者删除尾部的元素，O(1)
• 随机插入或删除, O(n)
  内存管理：

cocos2d::Vector<T> 类只包含一个成员数据：

std::vector<T> _data;

_data的内存管理是由编译器自动处理的

实例:

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//create Vector<Sprite*> with default size and add a sprite into it auto sp0 = Sprite::create(); sp0->setTag(0); //here we use shared_ptr just as a demo. in your code, please use stack object instead std::shared_ptr<Vector<Sprite*>>  vec0 = std::make_shared<Vector<Sprite*>>();  //default constructor vec0->pushBack(sp0);   //create a Vector<Object*> with a capacity of 5 and add a sprite into it auto sp1 = Sprite::create(); sp1->setTag(1);   //initialize a vector with a capacity Vector<Sprite*>  vec1(5); //insert a certain object at a certain index vec1.insert(0, sp1);   //we can also add a whole vector vec1.pushBack(*vec0);   for (auto sp : vec1) {      log ( "sprite tag = %d" , sp->getTag()); }   Vector<Sprite*> vec2(*vec0); if (vec0->equals(vec2)) { //returns true if the two vectors are equal      log ( "pVec0 is equal to pVec2" ); } if (!vec1.empty()) {  //whether the Vector is empty      //get the capacity and size of the Vector, noted that the capacity is not necessarily equal to the vector size.      if (vec1.capacity() == vec1.size()) {          log ( "pVec1->capacity()==pVec1->size()" );      } else {          vec1.shrinkToFit();   //shrinks the vector so the memory footprint corresponds with the number of items          log ( "pVec1->capacity()==%zd; pVec1->size()==%zd" ,vec1.capacity(),vec1.size());      }      //pVec1->swap(0, 1);  //swap two elements in Vector by their index      vec1.swap(vec1.front(), vec1.back());  //swap two elements in Vector by their value      if (vec2.contains(sp0)) {  //returns a Boolean value that indicates whether object is present in vector          log ( "The index of sp0 in pVec2 is %zd" ,vec2.getIndex(sp0));      }      //remove the element from the Vector      vec1.erase(vec1.find(sp0));      //pVec1->erase(1);      //pVec1->eraseObject(sp0,true);      //pVec1->popBack();        vec1.clear(); //remove all elements      log ( "The size of pVec1 is %zd" ,vec1.size()); }

cocos2d::Map

http://cn.cocos2d-x.org/article/index?type=cocos2d-x&url=/doc/cocos-docs-master/manual/framework/native/v3/data-structure/map/zh.md

cocos2d::Map<K,V>是使用std::unordered_map作为底层结构的关联式容器。 

在unordered_map内部，元素是无序，它们是根据键的哈希值来存取的，存取的时间复杂度是常量，超级快。

在Cocos2d-x v3.0beta之前，使用的是另外一种顺序式容器cocos2d::CCDictionary,不过它将很快被废弃。

设计者们谨慎地设计了cocos2d::Map<K,V>用来替代cocos2d::CCDictionary，所以应该尽量使用cocos2d::Map而不是cocos2d::CCDictionary

模板参数:

cocos2d::Map<K,V>类只包含一个数据成员：


typedef std::unordered_map<K, V> RefMap;

RefMap _data;

_data的内存管理是由编译器处理的 ，当在栈中声明 cocos2d::Map<K,V> 对象时，无需费心释放它占用的内存。 但是如果你是使用 new 操作来动态分配 cocos2d::Map<K,V> 的内存的话，就得用 delete 来释放内存了， new[] 操作也一样。

实例:

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//create Map<K, V> with default size and add a sprite into it auto sp0 = Sprite::create(); sp0->setTag(0); Map<std::string, Sprite*> map0; std::string mapKey0 = "MAP_KEY_0" ; map0.insert(mapKey0, sp0); log ( "The size of map is %zd." ,map0.size()); //create a Map<K, V> with capacity equals 5 Map<std::string, Sprite*> map1(map0); std::string mapKey1 = "MAP_KEY_1" ; if (!map1.empty()){      auto spTemp = (Sprite*)map1.at(mapKey0);      log ( "sprite tag = %d" , spTemp->getTag());      auto sp1 = Sprite::create();      sp1->setTag(1);      map1.insert(mapKey1, sp1);           //get all keys,stored in std::vector, that matches the object      std::vector<std::string> mapKeyVec;      mapKeyVec = map1.keys();      for (auto key : mapKeyVec)      {          auto spTag = map1.at(key)->getTag();          log ( "The Sprite tag = %d, MAP key = %s" ,spTag,key.c_str());          log ( "Element with key %s is located in bucket %zd" ,key.c_str(),map1.bucket(key));      }      log ( "%zd buckets in the Map container" ,map1.bucketCount());      log ( "%zd element in bucket 1" ,map1.bucketSize(1));       //get a random object if the map isn't empty, otherwise it returns nullptr      log ( "The random object tag = %d" ,map1.getRandomObject()->getTag());       //find(const K& key) can be used to search the container for an element with 'key'      //erase(const_iterator position) remove an element with an iterator      log ( "Before remove sp0, size of map is %zd." ,map1.size());      map1.erase(map1.find(mapKey0));      log ( "After remove sp0, size of map is %zd." ,map1.size()); }  //create a Map<K, V> with capacity equals 5 Map<std::string, Sprite*> map2(5); map2.reserve(10);  //set capacity of the map

结果是：

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cocos2d: The size of map is 1. cocos2d: sprite tag = 0 cocos2d: The Sprite tag = 1, MAP key = MAP_KEY_1 cocos2d: Element with key MAP_KEY_1 is located in bucket 1 cocos2d: The Sprite tag = 0, MAP key = MAP_KEY_0 cocos2d: Element with key MAP_KEY_0 is located in bucket 0 cocos2d: 2 buckets in the Map container cocos2d: 1 element in bucket 1 cocos2d: The random object tag = 0 cocos2d: Before remove sp0, size of map is 2. cocos2d: After remove sp0, size of map is 1.