USB 4为何值得期待,它到底有什么用?

USB 4标准提升至40Gbps传输速度,支持多种数据和显示协议,兼容Thunderbolt™3,将统一接口为USB-C,有望解决接口混乱问题并提供更高功率供电。其向后兼容性和高性能特性使其成为未来连接解决方案的重要里程碑。
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USB 4标准于今年3月份公开,在9月份正式发布。目前USB-IF已更新Universal Serial Bus Type-C Cable and Connector Specification线缆与连接器的规范,以满足USB 4的最新要求,预计搭载USB 4规范的产品最早会在2020年年底上市。
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据USB-IF描述,USB 4主要有以下三点升级:

使用现有的USB-C线缆进行双通道操作,最高可达40Gbps的传输速度(需要特定的认证线缆);

支持多种数据和显示协议,可以有效最大聚合带宽;

向后兼容USB 3.2、USB 2.0以及Thunderbolt™3.

为什么说USB 4值得期待?因为这一次它得到了Intel Thunderbolt™3接口加持。此前Intel官方宣布,将面向USB推广组织开放Thunderbolt协议规范,对外开放免去授权费用。这就意味着,在USB 4上,任何制造USB 4设备或线缆的人都可以使其与Thunderbolt 3兼容,这可能会改善累雷电接口拓展坞高价现象。

在Thunderbolt标准加持下,USB 4的最高速度可达40Gbps,速度是USB 3最新版本(USB 3.2 Gen2x2)的两倍,是原始USB 3标准速度的8倍。更重要的是,从USB 4开始,USB接口类型将全部使用Type-C接口,彻底抛弃传统的USB A、USB B型接口。试想一下,当USB 4全面实行后,电脑、手机、显示器、相机等等产品都采用同一种接口进行连接ÿ

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This chapter presents an overview of Universal Serial Bus 4 (USB4™) architecture and key concepts. USB4 is similar to earlier versions of USB in that it is a cable bus supporting data exchange between a host computer and a wide range of simultaneously accessible peripherals. However, USB4 also allows a host computer to setup data exchange between compatible peripherals. The attached peripherals share bandwidth as configured by the host computer. The bus allows peripherals to be attached, configured, used, and detached while the host and other peripherals are in operation. When configured over a USB Type-C® connector interface, USB4 functionally replaces USB 3.2 while retaining USB 2.0 bus operating in parallel. Enhanced SuperSpeed USB, as defined in USB 3.2, remains the fundamental architecture for USB data transfer on a USB4 Fabric. The difference with USB4 versus USB 3.2 is that USB4 is a connection -oriented, tunneling architecture designed to combine multiple protocols onto a single physical interface, so that the total speed and performance of the USB4 Fabric can be dynamically shared. USB4 allows for USB data transfers to operate in parallel with other independent protocols specific to display, load/store and host-to-host interfaces. Additionally, USB4 extends performance beyond the 20 Gbps (Gen 2 x 2) of USB 3.2 to 40 Gbps (Gen 3 x 2) over the same dual-lane, dual-simplex architecture. This specification introduces the concept of protocol tunneling to USB bus architecture. Besides tunneling Enhanced SuperSpeed USB (USB3), display tunneling based on DisplayPort (DP) protocol and load/store tunneling based on PCI Express (PCIe) are defined. These protocol tunnels operate independently over the USB4 transport and physical layers. Additionally, USB4 allocates packets for bus configuration and management, and packe ts can be allocated specifically for host-to-host data connections.
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