2440的时钟初始化

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-20 15:12:18 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-04-20 15:12:18 发布

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文章标签： ARM

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wwwlyj123321/article/details/80971788

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一、时钟概览

下面图很好地总结了上面的图

时钟源：为了减少外界环境对开发板电磁干扰，降低制作成本，通常开发板的外部晶振时钟频率都很低，2440开发板由12MHz的晶振来提供时钟源，要想让CPU运行在更高的频率就要通过时钟控制逻辑单元PLL（锁相环）来提高主频。

S3C2440里有两个PLL：MPLL和UPLL，MPLL用来产生FCLK，HCLK，PCLK的高频工作时钟，UPLL用来为USB提供工作频率。

其中FCLK主要为ARM920T内核提供工作频率

HCLK主要为S3C2440 AHB总线（Advanced High performance Bus）上挂接硬件提供工作频率，AHB总线主要挂接有内存，NAND，LCD控制器等硬件

PCLK主要为APB总线提供工作频率，由图2-46所示，APB总线主要挂接UART串口，Watchdog等硬件控制器。

二、寄存器设置

1.设置时钟源

在硬件上，已经将这两个管脚接地，即选择晶振输入，开启两个PLL

2.LockTime PLL锁定时间由LOCKTIME寄存器设置

不做详细赘述，直接使用默认值即可

3.设置分频系数

CLKDIVN = 0x05; // FCLK:HCLK:PCLK=1:4:8

4.设置MPLL得到400MHZ的频率

* 对于MPLLCON寄存器，[19:12]为MDIV，[9:4]为PDIV，[1:0]为SDIV

* 有如下计算公式：

* S3C2440: MPLL(FCLK) = (2 * m * Fin)/(p * 2^s)

* 其中: m = MDIV + 8, p = PDIV + 2, s = SDIV

* 对于本开发板，Fin = 12MHz

#define S3C2440_MPLL_400MHZ ((92<<12)|(1<<4)|(1<<0))

MPLLCON = S3C2440_MPLL_400MHZ;

5、其他

如果HDIVN非0，CPU的总线模式应该从“fast bus mode”变为“asynchronous bus mode”

三、实验代码

1.Makefile

all:
	arm-linux-gcc -c -o start.o start.S
	arm-linux-gcc -c -o led.o led.c
	arm-linux-gcc -c -o init.o init.c
	arm-linux-ld -Ttext 0 start.o led.o init.o -o led_on.elf
	arm-linux-objcopy -O binary -S led_on.elf led_on.bin
clean:
	rm *.bin *.o *.elf

2.start.S

.global _start
_start:
		
	//关闭看门狗
	ldr r0, =0  
	ldr r1, =0x53000000			
	str r0, [r1]
	
	ldr sp, =4096	
	
	bl clock_init
	
	bl led_blink
	
	b .

3.init.c

/*
 * init.c: 进行一些初始化
 */ 

#include "s3c24xx.h"
void clock_init(void);

#define S3C2440_MPLL_400MHZ     ((92<<12)|(1<<4)|(1<<0))
/*
 * 对于MPLLCON寄存器，[19:12]为MDIV，[9:4]为PDIV，[1:0]为SDIV
 * 有如下计算公式：
 *  S3C2440: MPLL(FCLK) = (2 * m * Fin)/(p * 2^s)
 *  其中: m = MDIV + 8, p = PDIV + 2, s = SDIV
 * 对于本开发板，Fin = 12MHz
 * 设置CLKDIVN，令分频比为：FCLK:HCLK:PCLK=1:4:8，
 * FCLK=400MHz,HCLK=100MHz,PCLK=50MHz
 */
void clock_init(void)
{
    LOCKTIME = 0xFFFFFFFF;   // 使用默认值即可
    CLKDIVN  = 0x05;            // FCLK:HCLK:PCLK=1:4:8

    /* 如果HDIVN非0，CPU的总线模式应该从“fast bus mode”变为“asynchronous bus mode” */
__asm__(
    "mrc    p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"        /* 读出控制寄存器 */ 
    "orr    r1, r1, #0xc0000000\n"          /* 设置为“asynchronous bus mode” */ //R1_nF:OR:R1_iA
    "mcr    p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"        /* 写入控制寄存器 */
    );

    MPLLCON = S3C2440_MPLL_400MHZ;  /* 现在，FCLK=200MHz,HCLK=100MHz,PCLK=50MHz */      
}

4.led.c

#define GPFCON	0x56000050
#define GPFDAT	0x56000054

void delay(void);

// 该函数要实现led闪烁效果
void led_blink(void)
{
	// led初始化
	unsigned int *p = (unsigned int *)GPFCON;
	unsigned int *p1 = (unsigned int *)GPFDAT;
	*p = 0x1500;
	
	while (1)
	{
		// led亮
		*p1 = ((0<<4) | (0<<5) | (0<<6));
		// 延时
		delay();
		// led灭
		*p1 = ((1<<4) | (1<<5) | (1<<6));
		// 延时
		delay();
	}
}

void delay(void)
{
	unsigned int i = 200000;		
	while (i--);				
}

5.s3c24xx.h

/* WOTCH DOG register */
#define     WTCON           (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x53000000)

/* SDRAM regisers */
#define     MEM_CTL_BASE    0x48000000
#define     SDRAM_BASE      0x30000000

/* NAND Flash registers */
#define NFCONF              (*(volatile unsigned int  *)0x4e000000)
#define NFCMD               (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)
#define NFADDR              (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)
#define NFDATA              (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)
#define NFSTAT              (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000010)

/*GPIO registers*/
#define GPBCON              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000010)
#define GPBDAT              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000014)

#define GPFCON              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000050)
#define GPFDAT              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000054)
#define GPFUP               (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000058)

#define GPGCON              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000060)
#define GPGDAT              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000064)
#define GPGUP               (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000068)

#define GPHCON              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000070)
#define GPHDAT              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000074)
#define GPHUP               (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x56000078)



/*UART registers*/
#define ULCON0              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000000)
#define UCON0               (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000004)
#define UFCON0              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000008)
#define UMCON0              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x5000000c)
#define UTRSTAT0            (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000010)
#define UTXH0               (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x50000020)
#define URXH0               (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x50000024)
#define UBRDIV0             (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x50000028)


/*interrupt registes*/
#define SRCPND              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000000)
#define INTMOD              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000004)
#define INTMSK              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000008)
#define PRIORITY            (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A00000c)
#define INTPND              (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000010)
#define INTOFFSET           (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000014)
#define SUBSRCPND           (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A000018)
#define INTSUBMSK           (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4A00001c)

/*external interrupt registers*/
#define EINTMASK            (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x560000a4)
#define EINTPEND            (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x560000a8)

/*clock registers*/
#define	LOCKTIME		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000000)
#define	MPLLCON		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000004)
#define	UPLLCON		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000008)
#define	CLKCON		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c00000c)
#define	CLKSLOW		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000010)
#define	CLKDIVN		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x4c000014)


/*PWM & Timer registers*/
#define	TCFG0		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000000)
#define	TCFG1		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000004)
#define	TCON		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000008)
#define	TCNTB0		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x5100000c)
#define	TCMPB0		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000010)
#define	TCNTO0		(*(volatile unsigned long *)0x51000014)

#define GSTATUS1    (*(volatile unsigned long *)0x560000B0)

结果分析：

将bin文件烧写进开发板，可以看到LED的闪烁速度比没有进行时钟初始化的时候快了好多。

参考链接：

https://blog.csdn.net/mr_raptor/article/details/6555734

http://wiki.100ask.org/%E7%AC%AC010%E8%AF%BE_%E6%8E%8C%E6%8F%A1ARM%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87%E6%97%B6%E9%92%9F%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB

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2440的时钟初始化

一、时钟概览下面图很好地总结了上面的图时钟源：为了减少外界环境对开发板电磁干扰，降低制作成本，通常开发板的外部晶振时钟频率都很低，2440开发板由12MHz的晶振来提供时钟源，要想让CPU运行在更高的频率就要通过时钟控制逻辑单元PLL（锁相环）来提高主频。S3C2440里有两个PLL：MPLL和UPLL，MPLL用来产生FCLK，HCLK，PCLK的高频工作时钟，UPLL用来为USB提供工作频率。...
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