LeetCode算法系列：39. Combination Sum

算法描述：

Given a set of candidate numbers (candidates) (without duplicates) and a target number (target), find all unique combinations in candidates where the candidate numbers sums to target.

The same repeated number may be chosen from candidates unlimited number of times.

Note:

• All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
• The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.

Example 1:

Input: candidates = [2,3,6,7], target = 7,
A solution set is:
[
  [7],
  [2,2,3]
]

Example 2:

Input: candidates = [2,3,5], target = 8,
A solution set is:
[
  [2,2,2,2],
  [2,3,3],
  [3,5]
]

算法实现：

采用回溯法进行递归，对于每一个元素，要尝试如果不用这个元素，在其余元素中能不能找到解；以及如果用这个元素能不能在这个元素及剩余元素中找到和为(target-这个元素值)的解。为防止解重复，可以将元素按照大小排列，对于每个相应元素和当前目标只在之后寻找相应解。值得注意的是不管能不能找到相应解，要恢复现场，进行下一次尝试，因为可能有多组解。

class Solution {
public:
    bool combination(vector<int>& candidates, int target, int index_min, vector<int> &oneres, vector<vector<int>> &res){
        if(index_min >= candidates.size())return false;
        if(candidates[index_min] > target)return false;
        if(candidates[index_min] == target){
            oneres.push_back(candidates[index_min]);
            res.push_back(oneres);
            oneres.pop_back();
            return true;
        }
        bool flag = combination(candidates, target, index_min + 1, oneres, res);
        oneres.push_back(candidates[index_min]);
        //不用写while循环，将所有的7-2，7-2-2，7-2-2-2等都写入其中
        if(combination(candidates, target - candidates[index_min], index_min, oneres, res))
            flag = true;
        oneres.pop_back();
        return flag;
        
        
    }
    vector<vector<int>> combinationSum(vector<int>& candidates, int target) {
        sort(candidates.begin(),candidates.end());
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        if(candidates.empty())return res;
        vector<int> oneres;
        combination(candidates, target, 0, oneres, res);
        return res;
    }
};