官网实例详解4.40（variational_autoencoder.py）-keras学习笔记四

使用Keras建立变分自编码器演示脚本

 

Keras实例目录

代码注释

'''This script demonstrates how to build a variational autoencoder with Keras.
使用Keras建立变分自编码器演示脚本
 #Reference
 参考

 - Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes
   自动编码变分贝叶斯
   https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6114
'''
from __future__ import print_function

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.stats import norm

from keras.layers import Input, Dense, Lambda
from keras.models import Model
from keras import backend as K
from keras import metrics
from keras.datasets import mnist

batch_size = 100
original_dim = 784
latent_dim = 2
intermediate_dim = 256
epochs = 50
epsilon_std = 1.0


x = Input(shape=(original_dim,))
h = Dense(intermediate_dim, activation='relu')(x)
z_mean = Dense(latent_dim)(h)
z_log_var = Dense(latent_dim)(h)


def sampling(args):
    z_mean, z_log_var = args
    epsilon = K.random_normal(shape=(K.shape(z_mean)[0], latent_dim), mean=0.,
                              stddev=epsilon_std)
    return z_mean + K.exp(z_log_var / 2) * epsilon

# note that "output_shape" isn't necessary with the TensorFlow backend
# 注意，“output_shape”对于TensorFlow后端不是必需的。
z = Lambda(sampling, output_shape=(latent_dim,))([z_mean, z_log_var])

# we instantiate these layers separately so as to reuse them later
# 分别实例化这些层，以便在以后重用它们。
decoder_h = Dense(intermediate_dim, activation='relu')
decoder_mean = Dense(original_dim, activation='sigmoid')
h_decoded = decoder_h(z)
x_decoded_mean = decoder_mean(h_decoded)

# instantiate VAE model
# 实例化VAE模型
vae = Model(x, x_decoded_mean)

# Compute VAE loss
# 计算VAE损失
xent_loss = original_dim * metrics.binary_crossentropy(x, x_decoded_mean)
kl_loss = - 0.5 * K.sum(1 + z_log_var - K.square(z_mean) - K.exp(z_log_var), axis=-1)
vae_loss = K.mean(xent_loss + kl_loss)

vae.add_loss(vae_loss)
vae.compile(optimizer='rmsprop')
vae.summary()


# train the VAE on MNIST digits
# 基于MNIST数字训练VAE
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()

x_train = x_train.astype('float32') / 255.
x_test = x_test.astype('float32') / 255.
x_train = x_train.reshape((len(x_train), np.prod(x_train.shape[1:])))
x_test = x_test.reshape((len(x_test), np.prod(x_test.shape[1:])))

vae.fit(x_train,
        shuffle=True,
        epochs=epochs,
        batch_size=batch_size,
        validation_data=(x_test, None))

# build a model to project inputs on the latent space
# 建立一个潜在空间输入模型
encoder = Model(x, z_mean)

# display a 2D plot of the digit classes in the latent space
# 在潜在空间中显示数字类的2D图
x_test_encoded = encoder.predict(x_test, batch_size=batch_size)
plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
plt.scatter(x_test_encoded[:, 0], x_test_encoded[:, 1], c=y_test)
plt.colorbar()
plt.show()

# build a digit generator that can sample from the learned distribution
# 建立一个数字生成器，可以从学习的分布中取样
decoder_input = Input(shape=(latent_dim,))
_h_decoded = decoder_h(decoder_input)
_x_decoded_mean = decoder_mean(_h_decoded)
generator = Model(decoder_input, _x_decoded_mean)

# display a 2D manifold of the digits
# 显示数字的二维形状
n = 15  # figure with 15x15 digits # 15X15数字图形
digit_size = 28
figure = np.zeros((digit_size * n, digit_size * n))
# linearly spaced coordinates on the unit square were transformed through the inverse CDF (ppf) of the Gaussian
# 单位平方的线性间隔坐标通过高斯的逆CDF（ppf）变换。
# to produce values of the latent variables z, since the prior of the latent space is Gaussian
# 产生潜在变量Z的值，因为潜在空间的先验是高斯
grid_x = norm.ppf(np.linspace(0.05, 0.95, n))
grid_y = norm.ppf(np.linspace(0.05, 0.95, n))

for i, yi in enumerate(grid_x):
    for j, xi in enumerate(grid_y):
        z_sample = np.array([[xi, yi]])
        x_decoded = generator.predict(z_sample)
        digit = x_decoded[0].reshape(digit_size, digit_size)
        figure[i * digit_size: (i + 1) * digit_size,
               j * digit_size: (j + 1) * digit_size] = digit

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
plt.imshow(figure, cmap='Greys_r')
plt.show()

代码执行

 

Keras详细介绍

英文：https://keras.io/

中文：http://keras-cn.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

实例下载

https://github.com/keras-team/keras

https://github.com/keras-team/keras/tree/master/examples

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