数据压缩实验一 实现RGB与YUV的转换

实验目的：
1、编写rgb到yuv的转换代码，并通过yuvviewer播放器观看。
2、编写rgb到yuv的转换代码，与原rgb文件相对比，并思考差别。

实验原理：
·根据亮度方程式得出：
Y ＝0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B
R-Y＝0.7010R-0.5870G-0.1140B
B-Y＝-0.2990R-0.5870G+0.8860B

·对色差信号引入压缩系数，归一化后的色度方程式是：
V＝0.877（R-Y）= 0.5 R-0.4187 G-0.0813 B
U＝0.493 (B-Y) =-0.1684 R-0.3316 G+0.5 B

·采用4:2:0格式
U、V取样频率为亮度信号的一半，水平方向和垂直方向上取样点数为Y的一半。

·电平信号量化后分配
进行8bit均匀量化时，分为256个等间隔的量化级。为防止信号变动造成过载，在256级上端留20级，下端16级作为信号超越动态范围的保护带。

（借用朱轩宇同学图片，感谢）

代码实现
1、grb转换为yuv

头文件

int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();

转换函数

#include "stdlib.h"
#include "rgb2yuv.h"

static float RGBYUV02990[256], RGBYUV05870[256], RGBYUV01140[256];
static float RGBYUV01684[256], RGBYUV03316[256];
static float RGBYUV04187[256], RGBYUV00813[256];

int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip)
{
   
	static int init_done = 0;

	long i, j, size;
	unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
	unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
	unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
	unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer;
	unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;

	if (init_done == 0)
	{
   
		InitLookupTable();
		init_done = 1;
	}

	// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
	if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
	size = x_dim * y_dim;

	// allocate memory
	y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_out;
	sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)u_out;
	sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)v_out;
	u_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	v_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
	{
   
		if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
		if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
		return 2;
	}

	b = (unsigned char *)bmp;
	y = y_buffer;
	u = u_buffer;
	v = v_buffer;

	// convert RGB to YUV
	if (!flip) {
   
		for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++)
		{
   
			y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;

			for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++) {
   
				g = b + 1;
				r = b + 2;
				*y = (unsigned char)(  RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
				*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2          + 128);
				*v = (unsigned char)(  (*r)/2          - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
				b += 3;
				y ++;
				u ++;
				v ++;
			}
		}
	} else {
   
		for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
		{
   
			g = b + 1;
			r = b + 2;
			*y = (unsigned char)(  RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
			*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2          + 128);
			*v = (unsigned char)(  (*r)/2          - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813