第八周项目1——实现复数类中的运算符重载

（1）请用类的成员函数，定义复数类重载运算符+、-、*、/，使之能用于复数的加减乘除

class Complex   

{  

public:  

    Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}  

    Complex(double r,double i){real=r; imag=i;}  

    Complex operator+(const Complex &c2);  

    Complex operator-(const Complex &c2);  

    Complex operator*(const Complex &c2);  

    Complex operator/(const Complex &c2);  

    void display();  

private:  

    double real;  

    double imag;  

};  

//下面定义成员函数   

  

  

//下定义用于测试的main()函数   

int min()  

{  

    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;  

    cout<<"c1=";  

    c1.display();  

    cout<<"c2=";  

    c2.display();  

    c3=c1+c2;  

    cout<<"c1+c2=";  

    c3.display();  

    c3=c1-c2;  

    cout<<"c1-c2=";  

    c3.display();  

    c3=c1*c2;  

    cout<<"c1*c2=";  

    c3.display();  

    c3=c1/c2;  

    cout<<"c1/c2=";  

    c3.display();  

    return 0;  

}  

（1）

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex(double r,double i){real=r; imag=i;}
    Complex operator+(const Complex &c2);
    Complex operator-(const Complex &c2);
    Complex operator*(const Complex &c2);
    Complex operator/(const Complex &c2);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator+(const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real+c2.real;
    c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
    return c;

}
Complex Complex::operator-(const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=real-c2.real;
    c.imag=imag-c2.imag;
    return c;
}
Complex Complex::operator*(const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(real*c2.real-imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(imag*c2.real+real*c2.imag);
    return c;
}
Complex Complex::operator/(const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(real*c2.real+imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(imag*c2.real-real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    return c;
}
void Complex::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}

总结：运用运算符重载与没有运用运算符重载没有多大的不同。只是改变成员函数的形式而已。主要的是懂得运用复数；

 

（2）请用类的友元函数，而不是成员函数，再次完成上面提及的运算符的重载；代码如下：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex(double r,double i){real=r; imag=i;}
    friend Complex operator+(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator-(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator*(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator/(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
Complex operator+(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real+c2.real;
    c.imag=c1.imag+c2.imag;
    return c;

}
Complex operator-(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=c1.real-c2.real;
    c.imag=c1.imag-c2.imag;
    return c;
}
Complex operator*(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(c1.real*c2.real-c1.imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(c1.imag*c2.real+c1.real*c2.imag);
    return c;
}
Complex operator/(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    Complex c;
    c.real=(c1.real*c2.real+c1.imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    c.imag=(c1.imag*c2.real-c1.real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag);
    return c;
}
void Complex::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}

总结：分清成员函数与友元函数的用法即可。

 

（3）定义一个定义完整的类（是可以当作独立的产品发布，成为众多项目中的“基础工程”）。这样的类在(2)的基础上，扩展+、-、*、/运算符的功能，使之能与double型数据进行运算。设Complex c; double d; c+d和d+c的结果为“将d视为实部为d的复数同c相加”，其他-、*、/运算符类似。
代码如下：

 

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
    Complex(double r,double i){real=r; imag=i;}
    friend Complex operator+(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator+(const double d, const Complex &c);
    friend Complex operator+(const Complex &c, const double d);
    friend Complex operator-(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator-(const double d, const Complex &c);
    friend Complex operator-(const Complex &c, const double d);
    friend Complex operator*(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator*(const double d, const Complex &c);
    friend Complex operator*(const Complex &c, const double d);
    friend Complex operator/(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
    friend Complex operator/(const double d, const Complex &c);
    friend Complex operator/(const Complex &c, const double d);
    void display();
private:
    double real;
    double imag;
};
Complex operator+(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    return Complex (c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag);
}
 Complex operator+(const double d, const Complex &c)
{
    return Complex (d+c.real,c.imag);
}
 Complex operator+(const Complex &c, const double d)
{
    return Complex (c.real+d,c.imag);
}
Complex operator-(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    return Complex (c1.real-c2.real,c1.imag-c2.imag);
}
 Complex operator-(const double d, const Complex &c)
{
    return Complex (d-c.real,c.imag);
}
 Complex operator-(const Complex &c, const double d)
{
    return Complex (c.real-d,c.imag);
}
Complex operator*(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    return Complex (c1.real*c2.real-c1.imag*c2.imag,c1.imag*c2.real+c1.real*c2.imag);
}
 Complex operator*(const double d, const Complex &c)
{
    return Complex (d*c.real,d*c.imag);
}
 Complex operator*(const Complex &c, const double d)
{
    return Complex (c.real*d,c.imag*d);
}
Complex operator/(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2)
{
    return Complex ((c1.real*c2.real+c1.imag*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag),(c1.imag*c2.real-c1.real*c2.imag)/(c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag));
}
 Complex operator/(const double d, const Complex &c)
{
    return Complex (d/c.real,d/c.imag);
}
Complex operator/(const Complex &c, const double d)
{
    return Complex (c.real/d,c.imag/d);
}
void Complex::display()
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
    Complex c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    double d=11;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    cout<<"d="<<d<<endl<<endl;
    cout<<"下面是重载运算符的计算结果: "<<endl;
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1+d=";
    (c1+d).display();
    cout<<"d+c2=";
    (d+c2).display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1-d=";
    (c1-d).display();
    cout<<"d-c2=";
    (d-c2).display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1*d=";
    (c1*d).display();
    cout<<"d*c2=";
    (d*c2).display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    cout<<"c1/d=";
    (c1/d).display();
    cout<<"d/c2=";
    (d/c2).display();
    return 0;
}

 

总结：运算符重载函数可以是类的成员函数也可以是类的友元函数还可以是普通函数。如果是“复数+复数”，“复数+实数”大多会先用成员函数，因为用成员函数可以不会破坏类的封装，但是类的成员函数不能应用“实数+复数”。但是由原函数可以。需要思路清晰就可以编出。感觉挺知足的