按以下的提示,由基类的设计和测试开始,逐渐地完成各个类的设计,求出圆格柱体的表面积、体积并输出并且完成要求的计算任务:
(1)先建立一个Point(点)类,包含数据成员x,y(坐标点),实现需要的成员函数,并设计main函数完成测试;
(2)以Point为基类,派生出一个Circle(圆)类,增加数据成员r(半径),以及求面积的成员函数area,实现其他需要的成员函数,设计main函数完成测试;
(3)再以Circle类为直接基类,派生出一个Cylinder(圆柱体)类,再增加数据成员h(高),,以及求圆柱表面积的成员函数area和求圆柱体积的成员函数volume,实现需要的成员函数,并设计main函数完成测试。
要求编写程序,设计出各类中“需要的成员函数”,包括构造函数、析构函数、修改数据成员和获取数据成员的公共接口、用于输出的重载运算符“<<”函数等。
(提示:此任务可以分为三个子任务分成若干步骤进行。先声明基类,再声明派生类,逐级进行,分步调试。——这种方法适用于做任何的项目)
代码如下:
#include<iostream>
#include<Cmath>
using namespace std;
class Point //定义坐标点类
{
public:
Point():x(0),y(0) {};
Point(double x0, double y0):x(x0), y(y0) {};
double getX()
{
return x;
}
double getY()
{
return y;
}
protected:
double x,y; //点的横坐标和纵坐标
};
class Circle:public Point
{
public:
Circle(double x0,double y0,double r):Point(x0,y0)
{
radius=r;
}
double getR() const
{
return radius;
}
double area() const;
protected:
double radius;
};
double Circle::area() const
{
return 3.14159*radius*radius;
}
class Cylinder:public Circle
{
public:
Cylinder (double x0,double y0,double r,double h):Circle(x0,y0,r)//构造函数
{
height=h;
}
double getH() const
{
return height;
}
double area( ) const; //计算圆柱表面积
double volume( ) const; //计算圆柱体积
protected:
double height; //圆柱高
};
double Cylinder::area( ) const
{
return 2*Circle::area( )+2*3.14159*radius*height;
}
double Cylinder::volume() const
{
return Circle::area()*height;
}
int main( )
{
Cylinder cy1(3.5,6.4,5.2,10);
cout<<"\noriginal cylinder:\nx="<<cy1.getX()<<", y="<<cy1.getY()<<", r="
<<cy1.getR()<<", h="<<cy1.getH()<<"\narea="<<cy1.area()
<<",volume="<<cy1.volume()<<endl;
return 0;
}
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150520141051315?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvd3l6OTUwNjIw/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center" alt="" />
代码如下:
#include<iostream>
#include<Cmath>
using namespace std;
class Point //定义坐标点类
{
public:
Point():x(0),y(0) {};
Point(double x0, double y0):x(x0), y(y0) {};
void setpoint(double,double);
double getX()
{
return x;
}
double getY()
{
return y;
}
friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&,Point&);
protected:
double x,y; //点的横坐标和纵坐标
};
void Point::setpoint(double x0,double y0)
{
x=x0;
y=y0;
}
ostream&operator<<(ostream&output,Point&p)
{
cout<<"["<<p.x<<","<<p.y<<"]"<<endl;
return cout;
}
class Circle:public Point
{
public:
Circle(double x0,double y0,double r):Point(x0,y0)
{
radius=r;
}
void setRadius(double);
double getR() const
{
return radius;
}
double area() const;
friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&,const Circle&);
protected:
double radius;
};
void Circle::setRadius(double r)
{
radius=r;
}
double Circle::area() const
{
return 3.14159*radius*radius;
}
ostream&operator<<(ostream&output,const Circle&c)
{
cout<<"Center=["<<c.x<<", "<<c.y<<"], r="<<c.radius<<", area="<<c.area( )<<endl;
return cout;
}
class Cylinder:public Circle
{
public:
Cylinder (double x0,double y0,double r,double h):Circle(x0,y0,r)//构造函数
{
height=h;
}
void setHeight(double);
double getH() const
{
return height;
}
double area( ) const; //计算圆柱表面积
double volume( ) const; //计算圆柱体积
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,const Cylinder&);//重载运算符“<<”
protected:
double height; //圆柱高
};
void Cylinder::setHeight(double h)
{
height=h;
}
double Cylinder::area( ) const
{
return 2*Circle::area( )+2*3.14159*radius*height;
}
double Cylinder::volume() const
{
return Circle::area()*height;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &output,const Cylinder& cy)
{
output<<"Center=["<<cy.x<<","<<cy.y<<"], r="<<cy.radius<<", h="<<cy.height
<<"\narea="<<cy.area( )<<", volume="<<cy.volume( )<<endl;
return output;
}
int main( )
{
Cylinder cy1(3.5,6.4,5.2,10);
cout<<"\noriginal cylinder:\nx="<<cy1.getX()<<", y="<<cy1.getY()<<", r="
<<cy1.getR()<<", h="<<cy1.getH()<<"\narea="<<cy1.area()
<<",volume="<<cy1.volume()<<endl;
cy1.setHeight(15);
cy1.setRadius(7.5);
cy1.setpoint(5,5);
cout<<"\nnew cylinder:\n"<<cy1;
return 0;
}
<img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20150520140040294?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQvd3l6OTUwNjIw/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center" alt="" />
总结:第一次编写这个程序时候感觉用不到运算符重在函数就感觉怪怪的,但是运行时候怎么感觉是对的,结果看了老师的才明白自己审题有漏洞。才知道运算符重载函数是怎么应用的。