C# 窗口优化扩展

1 WS_EX_COMPOSITED样式以启用系统提供的双缓冲优化功能。如果窗体具有这个样式，所有的控件会被合成后再显示出来，也就是减少了绘图次数，去掉了闪烁感，WS_EX_COMPOSITED样式会让所有的控件显示顺序反过来，这个样式虽然似乎是一个“完美”的方案，但是他存在不少的BUG, 例如他在XP系统上不支持GDI+( plus控件可以正常显示 ) 在win7上会让不规则窗口失效（ 设为分层透明窗口可以解决 ），另外有不少控件例如listview不支持该功能( HTMLayout作为子窗口时也不支持双缓冲 )

2 分层窗口默认是不能在上面放控件的，但是加了_WS_EX_COMPOSITED样式就可以放了。
为窗体添加_WS_EX_LAYERED样式，或者调用 winform.transparent(true) 都可以创建分层窗口。

Extended Window Styles

The following are the extended window styles.

Constant/value	Description
WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES 0x00000010L	The window accepts drag-drop files.
WS_EX_APPWINDOW 0x00040000L	Forces a top-level window onto the taskbar when the window is visible.
WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE 0x00000200L	The window has a border with a sunken edge.
WS_EX_COMPOSITED 0x02000000L	Paints all descendants of a window in bottom-to-top painting order using double-buffering. For more information, see Remarks. This cannot be used if the window has a class style of either CS_OWNDC or CS_CLASSDC. Windows 2000:  This style is not supported.
WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP 0x00000400L	The title bar of the window includes a question mark. When the user clicks the question mark, the cursor changes to a question mark with a pointer. If the user then clicks a child window, the child receives a WM_HELP message. The child window should pass the message to the parent window procedure, which should call the WinHelp function using the HELP_WM_HELP command. The Help application displays a pop-up window that typically contains help for the child window. WS_EX_CONTEXTHELP cannot be used with the WS_MAXIMIZEBOX orWS_MINIMIZEBOX styles.
WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT 0x00010000L	The window itself contains child windows that should take part in dialog box navigation. If this style is specified, the dialog manager recurses into children of this window when performing navigation operations such as handling the TAB key, an arrow key, or a keyboard mnemonic.
WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME 0x00000001L	The window has a double border; the window can, optionally, be created with a title bar by specifying the WS_CAPTION style in the dwStyle parameter.
WS_EX_LAYERED 0x00080000	The window is a layered window. This style cannot be used if the window has aclass style of either CS_OWNDC or CS_CLASSDC. Windows 8:  The WS_EX_LAYERED style is supported for top-level windows and child windows. Previous Windows versions support WS_EX_LAYERED only for top-level windows.
WS_EX_LAYOUTRTL 0x00400000L	If the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading order alignment, the horizontal origin of the window is on the right edge. Increasing horizontal values advance to the left.
WS_EX_LEFT 0x00000000L	The window has generic left-aligned properties. This is the default.
WS_EX_LEFTSCROLLBAR 0x00004000L	If the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading order alignment, the vertical scroll bar (if present) is to the left of the client area. For other languages, the style is ignored.
WS_EX_LTRREADING 0x00000000L	The window text is displayed using left-to-right reading-order properties. This is the default.
WS_EX_MDICHILD 0x00000040L	The window is a MDI child window.
WS_EX_NOACTIVATE 0x08000000L	A top-level window created with this style does not become the foreground window when the user clicks it. The system does not bring this window to the foreground when the user minimizes or closes the foreground window. To activate the window, use the SetActiveWindow orSetForegroundWindow function. The window does not appear on the taskbar by default. To force the window to appear on the taskbar, use the WS_EX_APPWINDOW style.
WS_EX_NOINHERITLAYOUT 0x00100000L	The window does not pass its window layout to its child windows.
WS_EX_NOPARENTNOTIFY 0x00000004L	The child window created with this style does not send theWM_PARENTNOTIFY message to its parent window when it is created or destroyed.
WS_EX_NOREDIRECTIONBITMAP 0x00200000L	The window does not render to a redirection surface. This is for windows that do not have visible content or that use mechanisms other than surfaces to provide their visual.
WS_EX_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW (WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE)	The window is an overlapped window.
WS_EX_PALETTEWINDOW (WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE | WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW | WS_EX_TOPMOST)	The window is palette window, which is a modeless dialog box that presents an array of commands.
WS_EX_RIGHT 0x00001000L	The window has generic "right-aligned" properties. This depends on the window class. This style has an effect only if the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading-order alignment; otherwise, the style is ignored. Using the WS_EX_RIGHT style for static or edit controls has the same effect as using the SS_RIGHT or ES_RIGHT style, respectively. Using this style with button controls has the same effect as using BS_RIGHT andBS_RIGHTBUTTON styles.
WS_EX_RIGHTSCROLLBAR 0x00000000L	The vertical scroll bar (if present) is to the right of the client area. This is the default.
WS_EX_RTLREADING 0x00002000L	If the shell language is Hebrew, Arabic, or another language that supports reading-order alignment, the window text is displayed using right-to-left reading-order properties. For other languages, the style is ignored.
WS_EX_STATICEDGE 0x00020000L	The window has a three-dimensional border style intended to be used for items that do not accept user input.
WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW 0x00000080L	The window is intended to be used as a floating toolbar. A tool window has a title bar that is shorter than a normal title bar, and the window title is drawn using a smaller font. A tool window does not appear in the taskbar or in the dialog that appears when the user presses ALT+TAB. If a tool window has a system menu, its icon is not displayed on the title bar. However, you can display the system menu by right-clicking or by typing ALT+SPACE.
WS_EX_TOPMOST 0x00000008L	The window should be placed above all non-topmost windows and should stay above them, even when the window is deactivated. To add or remove this style, use the SetWindowPos function.
WS_EX_TRANSPARENT 0x00000020L	The window should not be painted until siblings beneath the window (that were created by the same thread) have been painted. The window appears transparent because the bits of underlying sibling windows have already been painted. To achieve transparency without these restrictions, use the SetWindowRgnfunction.
WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE 0x00000100L	The window has a border with a raised edge.

Useful information from elsewhere on the internet.

The following is an excerpt from a very useful post found here: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/vstudio/en-US/ca0e6cc1-8e03-4dfc-832d-0a7a6ae38d56/can-someone-explain-wsexcomposited

WS_EX_LAYERED windows and all windows when DWM is enabled are rendered into an offscreen buffer and that buffer is then rendered to the screen.  WM_PAINT messages can be skipped to update the onscreen buffer so long as the offscreen buffer is valid.

WS_EX_COMPOSITED works by forcing child windows to draw back to front and by double buffering them; however, the double buffering used by WS_EX_COMPOSITED for the child windows conflicts with the double buffering used by WS_EX_LAYERED windows and DWM so it does not remove the flicker in those contexts.

Unfortunately, this means that your composited test application flickers with DWM turned on but not with DWM turned off.

Narrowing the area invalidated to the minimum necessary and using WS_CLIPCHILDREN and WS_CLIPSIBLINGS appropriately can help reduce the amount of flicker.