游戏中的设计模式之命令模式 笔记

源代码来自：https://github.com/TYJia/GameDesignPattern_U3D_Version

命令模式基本思想：将命令封装，与目标行为解耦，使命令由流程概念变为对象数据（需要大量实例化命令对象）

缺点：可能会导致大量的实例化，从而浪费内存

扩展：可用享元模式代替大量的实例化

命令变成了数据，也就变成了可被传递、存储、重复利用的：

• 通过命令数据 队列/栈 可以轻易实现撤销、重做、时光倒流
• 命令数据还可以形成日志，用于复现用户行为，便于重复测试同样序列命令对各种目标的影响
• 这些命令数据可以发送给不同的目标，比如同样的“出发，5分钟后，停止”，发送给飞机就可以变成“起飞，5分钟后，降落”，发送给轮船就成了“离港，5分钟后，抛锚”

Command.cs

//抽象基类，包含了时间戳和运行、回退的虚方法
public abstract class Command {

    protected float _TheTime;
    public float TheTime
    {
        get { return _TheTime; }
    }
    public virtual void execute(Avatar avatar) { }
    public virtual void undo(Avatar avatar) { }
}

CommandMove.cs

using UnityEngine;

//Command的子类，可以调用指定Avatar的Move函数
public class CommandMove : Command {

    private Vector3 TransPos;

    public CommandMove(Vector3 transPos, float time)
    {
        TransPos = transPos;
        _TheTime = time;
    }
    public override void execute(Avatar avatar)
    {
        avatar.Move(TransPos);
    }
    public override void undo(Avatar avatar)
    {
        avatar.Move(-TransPos);
    }
}

CommandManager.cs

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

/*
    当IsRun为true时，由WASD按键生成命令对象，执行Execute(Avatar)
    当IsRun为false时，调用RunCallBack()，按时间将栈内命令提取出并执行Undo(Avatar)
 */
public class CommandManager : MonoBehaviour
{

    public Avatar TheAvatar;

    private Stack<Command> mCommandStack;
    private float mCallBackTime;
    public bool IsRun = true;

    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        mCommandStack = new Stack<Command>();
        mCallBackTime = 0;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        if (IsRun)
        {
            Control();
        }
        else
        {
            RunCallBack();
        }

    }

    private void RunCallBack()
    {
        mCallBackTime -= Time.deltaTime;
        if (mCommandStack.Count > 0 && mCallBackTime < mCommandStack.Peek().TheTime) //Peek返回栈顶值，不删除
        {
            mCommandStack.Pop().undo(TheAvatar);
        }
    }

    private Command InputHandler()
    {
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W))
        {
            return new CommandMove(new Vector3(0, Time.deltaTime, 0), mCallBackTime);
        }
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S))
        {
            return new CommandMove(new Vector3(0, -Time.deltaTime, 0), mCallBackTime);
        }
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.A))
        {
            return new CommandMove(new Vector3(-Time.deltaTime, 0, 0), mCallBackTime);
        }
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.D))
        {
            return new CommandMove(new Vector3(Time.deltaTime, 0, 0), mCallBackTime);
        }
        return null;
    }

    private void Control()
    {
        mCallBackTime += Time.deltaTime;
        Command cmd = InputHandler();
        if (cmd != null)
        {
            mCommandStack.Push(cmd);
            cmd.execute(TheAvatar);
        }
    }
}

 

Avatar.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

//执行行为的目标物体，拥有Move函数
public class Avatar : MonoBehaviour {

    private Transform mTransform;

	void Start () {
        mTransform = transform;
	}

    public void Move(Vector3 DeltaV3)
    {
        mTransform.Translate(DeltaV3);
    }
}