TensorRT Inference过程详解

TensorRT可实现深度学习网络数倍的加速，特别是在嵌入式设备TX2上。TensorRT引擎和加速原理简介请查看https://blog.csdn.net/xh_hit/article/details/79769599。本文以caffe模型为例对其推断过程进行分析。

整体推断过程分为build、serialize、deserialize和run四个阶段。首先是build和序列化阶段代码如下：

void caffeToGIEModel(const char* deployFile,				// name for caffe prototxt
					 const char* modelFile,				// name for model 
					 const std::vector<std::string>& outputs,   // network outputs
					 unsigned int maxBatchSize,					// batch size - NB must be at least as large as the batch we want to run with)
					 IHostMemory *&gieModelStream)    // output buffer for the GIE model
{
	// create the builder
	IBuilder* builder = createInferBuilder(gLogger);
	// parse the caffe model to populate the network, then set the outputs
	INetworkDefinition* network = builder->createNetwork();
	ICaffeParser* parser = createCaffeParser();
	const IBlobNameToTensor* blobNameToTensor = parser->parse(deployFile，modelFile
	 *network, DataType::kFLOAT);
	// specify which tensors are outputs
	for (auto& s : outputs)
		network->markOutput(*blobNameToTensor->find(s.c_str()));

	// Build the engine
	builder->setMaxBatchSize(maxBatchSize);
	builder->setMaxWorkspaceSize(1 << 20);

	ICudaEngine* engine = builder->buildCudaEngine(*network);
	assert(engine);

	// we don't need the network any more, and we can destroy the parser
	network->destroy();
	parser->destroy();

	// serialize the engine, then close everything down
	gieModelStream = engine->serialize();
	engine->destroy();
	builder->destroy();
	shutdownProtobufLibrary();
}

caffeToGIEModel() 函数的形参包括网络的prototxt，训练好的caffemodel、网络定义的输出层等。

IBuilder* builder = createInferBuilder(gLogger); #创建一个build初始化tensorRT的库

INetworkDefinition* network = builder->createNetwork();#定义网络
ICaffeParser* parser = createCaffeParser();            #创建解析器
#根据prototxt和caffemodel以及制定的数据精度进行网络解析
const IBlobNameToTensor* blobNameToTensor = parser->parse(deployFile，modelFile, *network, DataType::kFLOAT);          

// 并制定输出层
for (auto& s : outputs)
	network->markOutput(*blobNameToTensor->find(s.c_str()));

ICudaEngine* engine = builder->buildCudaEngine(*network);#构建一个引擎
gieModelStream = engine->serialize();  #进行序列化   

序列化的结果gieModelStream可以理解为一个字符串，其可以保存下来，以免每次运行都需进行序列化。下一篇博客中为讲解保存方法。

在序列化后，还需deserialize

// deserialize the engine 
IRuntime* runtime = createInferRuntime(gLogger);
ICudaEngine* engine = runtime->deserializeCudaEngine(gieModelStream->data(), gieModelStream->size(), nullptr);// 将序列化的gieModelStream进行反序列化，
if (gieModelStream) gieModelStream->destroy();

反序列化后创建一个context后即可运行推断

IExecutionContext *context = engine->createExecutionContext();

其中doInference函数为：

void doInference(IExecutionContext& context, float* input, float* output, int batchSize)
{
	const ICudaEngine& engine = context.getEngine();
	assert(engine.getNbBindings() == 2);
	void* buffers[2];

	int inputIndex = engine.getBindingIndex(INPUT_BLOB_NAME), 
		outputIndex = engine.getBindingIndex(OUTPUT_BLOB_NAME);

	// create GPU buffers and a stream
	CHECK(cudaMalloc(&buffers[inputIndex], batchSize * INPUT_H * INPUT_W * sizeof(float)));
	CHECK(cudaMalloc(&buffers[outputIndex], batchSize * OUTPUT_SIZE * sizeof(float)));

	cudaStream_t stream;
	CHECK(cudaStreamCreate(&stream));

	// DMA the input to the GPU,  execute the batch asynchronously, and DMA it back:
	CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(buffers[inputIndex], input, batchSize * INPUT_H * INPUT_W * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, stream));
	context.enqueue(batchSize, buffers, stream, nullptr);
	CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(output, buffers[outputIndex], batchSize * OUTPUT_SIZE*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, stream));
	cudaStreamSynchronize(stream);
void doInference(IExecutionContext& context, float* input, float* output, int batchSize)
{
	const ICudaEngine& engine = context.getEngine();
	// input and output buffer pointers that we pass to the engine - the engine requires exactly IEngine::getNbBindings(),
	// of these, but in this case we know that there is exactly one input and one output.
	assert(engine.getNbBindings() == 2);
	void* buffers[2];

	// In order to bind the buffers, we need to know the names of the input and output tensors.
	// note that indices are guaranteed to be less than IEngine::getNbBindings()
	int inputIndex = engine.getBindingIndex(INPUT_BLOB_NAME), 
		outputIndex = engine.getBindingIndex(OUTPUT_BLOB_NAME);

	// create GPU buffers and a stream
	CHECK(cudaMalloc(&buffers[inputIndex], batchSize * INPUT_H * INPUT_W * sizeof(float)));
	CHECK(cudaMalloc(&buffers[outputIndex], batchSize * OUTPUT_SIZE * sizeof(float)));

	cudaStream_t stream;
	CHECK(cudaStreamCreate(&stream));

	// DMA the input to the GPU,  execute the batch asynchronously, and DMA it back:
	CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(buffers[inputIndex], input, batchSize * INPUT_H * INPUT_W * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, stream));
	context.enqueue(batchSize, buffers, stream, nullptr);
	CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(output, buffers[outputIndex], batchSize * OUTPUT_SIZE*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, stream));
	cudaStreamSynchronize(stream);
	cudaStreamDestroy(stream);
	CHECK(cudaFree(buffers[inputIndex]));
	CHECK(cudaFree(buffers[outputIndex]));
}
}

其中包含

// 明确网络的输入输出
int inputIndex = engine.getBindingIndex(INPUT_BLOB_NAME), outputIndex = engine.getBindingIndex(OUTPUT_BLOB_NAME);

然后分配GPU的内存，将输入从主机拷贝至GPU，然后执行推断；

context.enqueue(batchSize, buffers, stream, nullptr);

推断结束后，将输出从GPU在拷贝至主机，完成推断。