[Python库] pyudev

[Python库] pyudev

1. ​pyudev​是什么

   ​pyudev​是libudev​的python版本，而libudev​是linux的设备和硬件管理库。

   pyudev支持libudev的所有功能，可以通过官方提供的接口枚举设备、查找设备属性或者监听设备状态，包括异步监听。

   资料：

   • pyudev github
   • https://pyudev.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/pyudev.html

2. 如何枚举设备

   from pyudev import Context
   context = Context() # 创建设备数据库连接对象
   devices_list = context.list_devices() # 列出所有可用的设备，类型是pyudev.Enumerator 可迭代设备的对象
   for device in devices_list:
       print(device)
   ----------------------------------
   Device('/sys/devices/virtual/tty/tty48')
   Device('/sys/devices/virtual/tty/tty49')
   Device('/sys/devices/virtual/tty/tty5')
   Device('/sys/devices/virtual/tty/tty50')
   ...
   

   在Context()​中，默认定义了下面几个可以获取到设备的地址：

   • ​sys_path​: /sys​
   • ​device_path​: /dev​
   • ​run_path​: /run​

3. 如何查找设备

   官方提供了几种查找设备的方法

   1. ​from_path(​*context​, ​path*​ ) ​

      根据设备路径查找设备

      from pyudev import Context, Devices
      Device.from_path(context, '/devices/platform')
      ---------------------------------
      Device(u'/sys/devices/platform')
      

   2. ​from_sys_path(​*context​, ​sys_path*​ ) ​

      根据系统设备路径查找设备

      from pyudev import Context, Devices
      Device.from_sys_path(context, '/sys//devices/platform')
      ---------------------------------
      Device(u'/sys/devices/platform')
      

   3. ​from_name(​*context​, ​subsystem​, ​sys_name*​ ) ​

      根据设备标识符查找设备

      from pyudev import Context, Devices
      context = Context()
      sda = Devices.from_name(context, 'block', 'sda')
      ------------------------------------------------
      Device(u'/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda')
      

   4. ​from_device_number(​*context​, ​typ​, ​number*​ ) ​

      根据设备号查找设备

      from pyudev import Context, Devices
      context = Context()
      major, minor = 8, 0
      device = Devices.from_device_number(context, 'block', os.makedev(major, minor))
      -------------------------------
      Device(u'/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:11.0/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda')
      

   5. ​from_device_file(​*context​, ​filename*​ ) ​

      根据设备文件查找设备

      from pyudev import Context, Devices
      context = Context()
      device = Devices.from_device_file(context, '/dev/sda')
      ------------------------------
      Device(u'/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sda')
      

4. 如何监听设备

   ​pyudev​提供了现成的监听接口，可以识别目前市面上所有类型的设备。

   context = Context() 
   monitor = Monitor.from_netlink(context) 
   monitor.filter_by(subsystem='block')
   for device in iter(monitor.poll, None):
       print('{0.action} on {0.device_path}'.format(device))
   

   上面代码块的意思是，当插入、拔出、挂载、卸载存储设备时，会输出设备的行为以及设备地址。

5. 获取到设备后获取设备属性

   下面列出一部分属性，具体看文档。想更全面的获取设备属性，不但要去了解pyudev的用法，更要学习udev的底层知识。

   Device 类

   udev 中文手册

   https://blog.csdn.net/u013253075/article/details/122703980

   from pyudev import Context, Device, Devices
   context = Context()
   device = Devices.from_name(context, "block", "sda")
   print(device)
   print(f"device.get('ID_MODEL'): {device.get('ID_MODEL')}")
   print(f"device.context: {device.context}")
   print(f"device.sys_path: {device.sys_path}")
   print(f"device.sys_name: {device.sys_name}")
   print(f"device.sys_number: {device.sys_number}")
   print(f"device.device_path: {device.device_path}")
   print(f"device.device.tags: {list(device.tags)}")
   print(f"device.subsystem: {device.subsystem}")
   print(f"device.driver: {device.driver}")
   print(f"device.device_type: {device.device_type}")
   print(f"device.device_node: {device.device_node}")
   print(f"device.device_number: {device.device_number}")
   print(f"device.device_links: {device.device_links}")
   print(f"device.device_links: {device.device_links}")
   -------------------------------------
   Device('/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda')
   device.get('ID_MODEL'): Extreme_55AE
   device.context: <pyudev.core.Context object at 0x7ef3d978c310>
   device.sys_path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda
   device.sys_name: sda
   device.sys_number: None
   device.device_path: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1:1.0/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda
   device.device.tags: ['systemd']
   device.subsystem: block
   device.driver: None
   device.device_type: disk
   device.device_node: /dev/sda
   device.device_number: 2048
   device.device_links: <generator object Device.device_links at 0x7ef3d96ff920>
   

‍