Reading notes-2

Global climate and the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) are correlated over recent glacial cycle. The combination of processes responsible for a rise in atmospheric CO2 at the last glacial termination, however, remains uncertain. Establishing the timing and rate of CO2 changes in the past provides critical insight into the mechanisms that influence the carbon cycle and helps put present and future anthropogenic emissions in context. Here we present CO2 and methane (CH4) records of the last deglaciaation from a new high-accumulation West Antarctic ice core with unprecedented temporal resolution and precise chronology. We show that although low-frequency CO2 variations parallel changes in Antarctic temperature, abrupt CO2 changes occur that have a clear relationship with abrupt climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. A significant proportion of the direct radiative forcing associated with the rise in atmospheric CO2 occurred in three sudden steps, each of 10 to 15 parts per million. Every step took place in less than two centuries and was followed by no notable change in atmospheric CO2 for about 1000 to 1500 years. Slow, millennial-scale ventilation of Southern Ocean CO2-rich, deep-ocean water masses is though to have been fundamental to the rise in atmpspheric CO2 associated with the glacial termination, given the strong covariance of CO2 levels and Antarctic temperatures. Out data establish a contribution from an abrupt, centennial-scale mode of CO2 variability that is not directly related to Antarctic temperature. We suggest that processes operating on centennial timescales, probably involving the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, seem to be influencing global carbon-cycle dynamics and are at present not widely considered in Earth system models.

论文句型
… be correlated …
the combination of … however, remains uncertain
Establishing the …provides critical insight into … that
Here we present… We show that …
A significant proportion of the direct radiative forcing associated with …
Every step …
be followed by no notable change …
Out data establish …
We suggest that

McConnell, J. R., Sowers, T., Taylor, K. C., White, J. W. C., and Brook, E. J.: Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation, Nature, 514, 616–619, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13799, 2014.