哈密顿算子重要性质证明

• 重要公式
  $$▽\cdot (\vec{A}\times \vec{B})=\vec{B}\cdot ▽\times \vec{A}-\vec{A}\cdot ▽\times \vec{B}$$
• 证明
  $$▽=\frac{\partial }{\partial x}{\vec{e}}_x+\frac{\partial }{\partial y}{\vec{e}}_y+\frac{\partial }{\partial z}{\vec{e}}_z$$
  $$\begin{gathered} \vec{A}\times \vec{B}=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}{\vec{e}}_x& {\vec{e}}_y& {\vec{e}}_z\\ A_x& A_y& A_z\\ B_x& B_y& B_z\end{array}\right| \\ =(A_y{B}_z-A_z{B}_y){\vec{e}}_x+(A_z{B}_x-A_x{B}_z){\vec{e}}_y+(A_x{B}_y-A_y{B}_x){\vec{e}}_z \end{gathered}$$
  $$\begin{gathered} ▽\cdot (\vec{A}\times \vec{B})=(\frac{\partial }{\partial x}{\vec{e}}_x+\frac{\partial }{\partial y}{\vec{e}}_y+\frac{\partial }{\partial z}{\vec{e}}_z)\cdot ((A_y{B}_z-A_z{B}_y){\vec{e}}_x+(A_z{B}_x-A_x{B}_z){\vec{e}}_y+(A_x{B}_y-A_y{B}_x){\vec{e}}_z) \\ =\frac{\partial (A_y{B}_z-A_z{B}_y)}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial (A_z{B}_x-A_x{B}_z)}{\partial y}+\frac{\partial (A_x{B}_y-A_y{B}_x)}{\partial z} \\ =\left|\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{\partial }{\partial x}& \frac{\partial }{\partial y}& \frac{\partial }{\partial z}\\ A_x& A_y& A_z\\ B_x& B_y& B_z\end{array}\right| \end{gathered}$$

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$$\begin{gathered} \vec{B}\cdot ▽\times \vec{A}-\vec{A}\cdot ▽\times \vec{B}=\vec{B}\cdot \left|\begin{array}{ccc}{\vec{e}}_x& {\vec{e}}_y& {\vec{e}}_z\\ \frac{\partial }{\partial x}& \frac{\partial }{\partial y}& \frac{\partial }{\partial z}\\ A_x& A_y& A_z\end{array}\right|-\vec{A}\cdot \left|\begin{array}{ccc}{\vec{e}}_x& {\vec{e}}_y& {\vec{e}}_z\\ \frac{\partial }{\partial x}& \frac{\partial }{\partial y}& \frac{\partial }{\partial z}\\ B_x& B_y& B_z\end{array}\right| \\ =(B_x{\vec{e}}_x+B_y{\vec{e}}_y+B_z{\vec{e}}_z)\cdot ((\frac{\partial A_z}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial z}){\vec{e}}_x+(\frac{\partial A_x}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial A_z}{\partial x}){\vec{e}}_y+(\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial A_x}{\partial y}){\vec{e}}_z) \\ -(A_x{\vec{e}}_x+A_y{\vec{e}}_y+A_z{\vec{e}}_z)\cdot ((\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial B_y}{\partial z}){\vec{e}}_x+(\frac{\partial B_x}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial x}){\vec{e}}_y+(\frac{\partial B_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial B_x}{\partial y}){\vec{e}}_z) \\ =B_x(\frac{\partial A_z}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial z})+B_y(\frac{\partial A_x}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial A_z}{\partial x})+B_z(\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial A_x}{\partial y}) \\ -(A_x(\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial B_y}{\partial z})+A_y(\frac{\partial B_x}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial x})+A_z(\frac{\partial B_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial B_x}{\partial y})) \\ \because B_z\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial x}-B_y\frac{\partial A_z}{\partial x}+A_y\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial x}-A_z\frac{\partial B_y}{\partial x}=(B_z\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial x}+A_y\frac{\partial B_z}{\partial x})-(B_y\frac{\partial A_z}{\partial x}+A_z\frac{\partial B_y}{\partial x}) \\ =\frac{\partial (A_y{B}_z)}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial (A_z{B}_y)}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial (A_y{B}_z-A_z{B}_y)}{\partial x} \end{gathered}$$

• 同理其他三项可得，证毕