一、DataTransformer的作用简介
该类主要负责对数据进行预处理，将Datum、const vector<Datum>、cv::Mat&、vector<cv::Mat> 、Blob<Dtype>*类型的数据变换到目标大小的blob。
此外还负责根据参数中指定的预处理参数推断出处理后的数据的shape。
在正式介绍之前，先给个例子：
layer {
name: "jointimagedata"
type: "JointImage"
top: "jointimagedata"
top: "label"
include {
phase: TEST
}
transform_param {
mirror: true
crop_size: 227
mean_file: "data/ilsvrc12/imagenet_mean.binaryproto"
}
slidewindow_param {
root_folder: "D:/数据集/FLIC/FLIC-full"
filelistpath: "/imglist.txt"
batch_size: 300
}
}
上述配置文件中就包含了transform_param这个参数，利用该参数可以实现crop，mirror，减去均值等功能。
该类用到了TransformationParameter。
其在caffe.proto的定义为
// Message that stores parameters used to apply transformation
// to the data layer's data
message TransformationParameter {
// For data pre-processing, we can do simple scaling and subtracting the
// data mean, if provided. Note that the mean subtraction is always carried
// out before scaling.
optional float scale = 1 [default = 1];
// Specify if we want to randomly mirror data.
optional bool mirror = 2 [default = false];
// Specify if we would like to randomly crop an image.
optional uint32 crop_size = 3 [default = 0];
// mean_file and mean_value cannot be specified at the same time
optional string mean_file = 4;
// if specified can be repeated once (would substract it from all the channels)
// or can be repeated the same number of times as channels
// (would subtract them from the corresponding channel)
repeated float mean_value = 5;
// Force the decoded image to have 3 color channels.
optional bool force_color = 6 [default = false];
// Force the decoded image to have 1 color channels.
optional bool force_gray = 7 [default = false];
}二、DataTransformer类的详细介绍
1）构造函数
// 构造函数
explicit DataTransformer(const TransformationParameter& param, Phase phase);
virtual ~DataTransformer() {}2）成员变量
// 变换所使用的参数
TransformationParameter param_;
// 随机数生成器的种子
shared_ptr<Caffe::RNG> rng_;
// 是训练还是测试？
Phase phase_;
// 数据均值 blob
Blob<Dtype> data_mean_;
// 数据均值blob的容器
vector<Dtype> mean_values_;3）成员函数
// 初始化随机数生成器，因为在对数据进行变换的时候有可能用到，比如说打乱数据的输入顺序
void InitRand();
// 对Datum的数据进行变换，放入到transformed_blob中
void Transform(const Datum& datum, Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob);
// 对Datum容器的数据进行变换翻入到transformed_blob
void Transform(const vector<Datum> & datum_vector,
Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob);
// 如果定义OpenCV还可能对mat容器数据类型的数据进行变换
void Transform(const vector<cv::Mat> & mat_vector,
Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob);
// 将opencv读取的单个图像转换到blob中去
void Transform(const cv::Mat& cv_img, Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob);
// 将输入的blob进行变换，可能是取出blob的中的一部分数据到新的blob
void Transform(Blob<Dtype>* input_blob, Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob);
// 根据Datum获取blob的形状
vector<int> InferBlobShape(const Datum& datum);
// 根据Datum容器获取blob的形状
vector<int> InferBlobShape(const vector<Datum> & datum_vector);
// 根据Mat容器获取blob的形状
vector<int> InferBlobShape(const vector<cv::Mat> & mat_vector);
// 根据Mat获取blob的形状
vector<int> InferBlobShape(const cv::Mat& cv_img);
// 生成从0到n-1的服从均匀分布的随机数,要求继承他的都必须实现如何生成随机数
virtual int Rand(int n);
// 将给定的Datum进行转换
void Transform(const Datum& datum, Dtype* transformed_data);4）具体函数的实现：
首先是构造函数
在介绍构造函数之前不得不先贴出BlobShape和、BlobProto这两个结构体的在caffe.proto中的定义。
message BlobShape {
repeated int64 dim = 1 [packed = true]; //blob的形状
}
message BlobProto {
optional BlobShape shape = 7;
repeated float data = 5 [packed = true]; // 前向传播的数据
repeated float diff = 6 [packed = true]; // 反向传播的数据
repeated double double_data = 8 [packed = true]; // double类型的前向传播的数据
repeated double double_diff = 9 [packed = true]; // 依次类推
// 4D dimensions -- deprecated. Use "shape" instead.
// 下面是为了兼容
optional int32 num = 1 [default = 0];
optional int32 channels = 2 [default = 0];
optional int32 height = 3 [default = 0];
optional int32 width = 4 [default = 0];
}
template<typename Dtype>
DataTransformer<Dtype>::DataTransformer(const TransformationParameter& param,
Phase phase)
: param_(param), phase_(phase) {
// check if we want to use mean_file
if (param_.has_mean_file()) {
CHECK_EQ(param_.mean_value_size(), 0) <<
"Cannot specify mean_file and mean_value at the same time";
const string& mean_file = param.mean_file();
if (Caffe::root_solver()) {
LOG(INFO) << "Loading mean file from: " << mean_file;
}
BlobProto blob_proto;
ReadProtoFromBinaryFileOrDie(mean_file.c_str(), &blob_proto);
data_mean_.FromProto(blob_proto);
}
// check if we want to use mean_value
if (param_.mean_value_size() > 0) {
CHECK(param_.has_mean_file() == false) <<
"Cannot specify mean_file and mean_value at the same time";
for (int c = 0; c < param_.mean_value_size(); ++c) {
mean_values_.push_back(param_.mean_value(c));
}
}
}
具体的实现如下：
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#endif // USE_OPENCV
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "caffe/data_transformer.hpp"
#include "caffe/util/io.hpp"
#include "caffe/util/math_functions.hpp"
#include "caffe/util/rng.hpp"
namespace caffe {
// 构造函数
template<typename Dtype>
DataTransformer<Dtype>::DataTransformer(const TransformationParameter& param,
Phase phase)
: param_(param), phase_(phase) {
// check if we want to use mean_file
// 判断是否有平均值文件
if (param_.has_mean_file()) {
CHECK_EQ(param_.mean_value_size(), 0) <<
"Cannot specify mean_file and mean_value at the same time";
// 平均值文件的路径
const string& mean_file = param.mean_file();
if (Caffe::root_solver()) {
LOG(INFO) << "Loading mean file from: " << mean_file;
}
BlobProto blob_proto;
ReadProtoFromBinaryFileOrDie(mean_file.c_str(), &blob_proto);
data_mean_.FromProto(blob_proto);
}
// check if we want to use mean_value
if (param_.mean_value_size() > 0) {
CHECK(param_.has_mean_file() == false) <<
"Cannot specify mean_file and mean_value at the same time";
for (int c = 0; c < param_.mean_value_size(); ++c) {
mean_values_.push_back(param_.mean_value(c));
}
}
}
template<typename Dtype>
void DataTransformer<Dtype>::Transform(const Datum& datum,
Dtype* transformed_data) {
// 参考TransformationParameter的定义
const string& data = datum.data();
const int datum_channels = datum.channels();//数据的channel
const int datum_height = datum.height();//数据的行数
const int datum_width = datum.width();// 数据的列数
const int crop_size = param_.crop_size();// crop大小
const Dtype scale = param_.scale();// 缩放比例
const bool do_mirror = param_.mirror() && Rand(2);// 该参数用于在镜像位置对数据处理
const bool has_mean_file = param_.has_mean_file();// 是否有均值文件
const bool has_uint8 = data.size() > 0;// 数据是否为uint8还是float类型的
const bool has_mean_values = mean_values_.size() > 0;// 是否有每个channel的均值
// 检查合法性
CHECK_GT(datum_channels, 0);
CHECK_GE(datum_height, crop_size);
CHECK_GE(datum_width, crop_size);
Dtype* mean = NULL;
if (has_mean_file) {// 检查mean_file是否与数据的参数一致
CHECK_EQ(datum_channels, data_mean_.channels());
CHECK_EQ(datum_height, data_mean_.height());
CHECK_EQ(datum_width, data_mean_.width());
mean = data_mean_.mutable_cpu_data();
}
if (has_mean_values) {
CHECK(mean_values_.size() == 1 || mean_values_.size() == datum_channels) <<
"Specify either 1 mean_value or as many as channels: " << datum_channels;
if (datum_channels > 1 && mean_values_.size() == 1) {
// Replicate the mean_value for simplicity
for (int c = 1; c < datum_channels; ++c) {
mean_values_.push_back(mean_values_[0]);
}
}
}
int height = datum_height;
int width = datum_width;
// 根据是否需要crop来生成h_off和w_off
int h_off = 0;
int w_off = 0;
if (crop_size) {// 如果crop_size不为0
height = crop_size;
width = crop_size;
// We only do random crop when we do training.
// 在训练的时候随机crop图像块,这里需要自己实现Rand这个函数来确定是如何随机的
if (phase_ == TRAIN) {
h_off = Rand(datum_height - crop_size + 1);// 产生从0到datum_height - crop_size的随机数
w_off = Rand(datum_width - crop_size + 1);
} else {// 测试的时候不用随机，取图像的中心
h_off = (datum_height - crop_size) / 2;
w_off = (datum_width - crop_size) / 2;
}
}
// 对数据进行变换，主要是将原来的像素值减去均值，然后乘以scale这么一个操作
// 如果需要crop则最终转换的Blob的大小即为crop*crop
// 如果不是，则最终的Blob大小即为datum_height*datum_width
Dtype datum_element;
int top_index, data_index;
for (int c = 0; c < datum_channels; ++c) {
for (int h = 0; h < height; ++h) {
for (int w = 0; w < width; ++w) {
data_index = (c * datum_height + h_off + h) * datum_width + w_off + w;// 获取数据的索引
if (do_mirror) {// 是否需要在镜像位置转换
top_index = (c * height + h) * width + (width - 1 - w);//在宽这个坐标上做文章，来实现镜像
} else {//
top_index = (c * height + h) * width + w;
}
if (has_uint8) {// 数据如果是uint8则进行转换
datum_element =
static_cast<Dtype>(static_cast<uint8_t>(data[data_index]));
} else {// 否则就是float
datum_element = datum.float_data(data_index);
}
if (has_mean_file) {// 如果有mean_file,则原来的像素值减去均值，然后乘以scale
transformed_data[top_index] =
(datum_element - mean[data_index]) * scale;
} else {
if (has_mean_values) {// 否则减去该channel的均值（每个channel有其一个均值），然后乘以scale
transformed_data[top_index] =
(datum_element - mean_values_[c]) * scale;
} else {// 否则如果没有均值那么就直接乘以scale即可
transformed_data[top_index] = datum_element * scale;
}
}
}
}
}
}
template<typename Dtype>
void DataTransformer<Dtype>::Transform(const Datum& datum,
Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob) {
// If datum is encoded, decoded and transform the cv::image.
if (datum.encoded()) {// 检查是否编码了，如果是则解码
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
// 先检查是不是两个属性都设置， 如果是则说明参数设置有误
CHECK(!(param_.force_color() && param_.force_gray()))
<< "cannot set both force_color and force_gray";
cv::Mat cv_img;
if (param_.force_color() || param_.force_gray()) {
// 如果强制彩色或者强制灰度图像一个成立则使用DecodeDatumToCVMat解码
// If force_color then decode in color otherwise decode in gray.
cv_img = DecodeDatumToCVMat(datum, param_.force_color());
} else {// 否则使用DecodeDatumToCVMatNative解码
cv_img = DecodeDatumToCVMatNative(datum);
}
// Transform the cv::image into blob.
// 变换
return Transform(cv_img, transformed_blob);
#else
LOG(FATAL) << "Encoded datum requires OpenCV; compile with USE_OPENCV.";
#endif // USE_OPENCV
} else {// 如果没有编码则，检查force_color和force_gray是否设置，如果设置则不合法，因为该选项只适合于编码后的数据
if (param_.force_color() || param_.force_gray()) {
LOG(ERROR) << "force_color and force_gray only for encoded datum";
}
}
const int crop_size = param_.crop_size();
const int datum_channels = datum.channels();
const int datum_height = datum.height();
const int datum_width = datum.width();
// Check dimensions.
const int channels = transformed_blob->channels();
const int height = transformed_blob->height();
const int width = transformed_blob->width();
const int num = transformed_blob->num();
CHECK_EQ(channels, datum_channels);
CHECK_LE(height, datum_height);
CHECK_LE(width, datum_width);
CHECK_GE(num, 1);
if (crop_size) {
CHECK_EQ(crop_size, height);
CHECK_EQ(crop_size, width);
} else {
CHECK_EQ(datum_height, height);
CHECK_EQ(datum_width, width);
}
// 继续变换数据
Dtype* transformed_data = transformed_blob->mutable_cpu_data();
Transform(datum, transformed_data);
}
template<typename Dtype>
void DataTransformer<Dtype>::Transform(const vector<Datum> & datum_vector,
Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob) {
const int datum_num = datum_vector.size();
// 变换到的目标blob的形状
const int num = transformed_blob->num();
const int channels = transformed_blob->channels();
const int height = transformed_blob->height();
const int width = transformed_blob->width();
CHECK_GT(datum_num, 0) << "There is no datum to add";
CHECK_LE(datum_num, num) <<
"The size of datum_vector must be no greater than transformed_blob->num()";
// 新建一个uni_blob,里面只有一个batch
Blob<Dtype> uni_blob(1, channels, height, width);
for (int item_id = 0; item_id < datum_num; ++item_id) {
int offset = transformed_blob->offset(item_id);
uni_blob.set_cpu_data(transformed_blob->mutable_cpu_data() + offset);
Transform(datum_vector[item_id], &uni_blob);
}
}
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
template<typename Dtype>
void DataTransformer<Dtype>::Transform(const vector<cv::Mat> & mat_vector,
Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob) {
// 获取mat的参数
const int mat_num = mat_vector.size();
const int num = transformed_blob->num();
const int channels = transformed_blob->channels();
const int height = transformed_blob->height();
const int width = transformed_blob->width();
CHECK_GT(mat_num, 0) << "There is no MAT to add";
CHECK_EQ(mat_num, num) <<
"The size of mat_vector must be equals to transformed_blob->num()";
// 同上
Blob<Dtype> uni_blob(1, channels, height, width);
for (int item_id = 0; item_id < mat_num; ++item_id) {
int offset = transformed_blob->offset(item_id);
uni_blob.set_cpu_data(transformed_blob->mutable_cpu_data() + offset);
Transform(mat_vector[item_id], &uni_blob);
}
}
// 如果是图像的话，需要减去均值乘以scale，判断是不是需要做镜像处理
// 逻辑与前面类似
template<typename Dtype>
void DataTransformer<Dtype>::Transform(const cv::Mat& cv_img,
Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob) {
const int crop_size = param_.crop_size();
const int img_channels = cv_img.channels();
const int img_height = cv_img.rows;
const int img_width = cv_img.cols;
// Check dimensions.
const int channels = transformed_blob->channels();
const int height = transformed_blob->height();
const int width = transformed_blob->width();
const int num = transformed_blob->num();
CHECK_EQ(channels, img_channels);
CHECK_LE(height, img_height);
CHECK_LE(width, img_width);
CHECK_GE(num, 1);
CHECK(cv_img.depth() == CV_8U) << "Image data type must be unsigned byte";
const Dtype scale = param_.scale();
const bool do_mirror = param_.mirror() && Rand(2);
const bool has_mean_file = param_.has_mean_file();
const bool has_mean_values = mean_values_.size() > 0;
CHECK_GT(img_channels, 0);
CHECK_GE(img_height, crop_size);
CHECK_GE(img_width, crop_size);
Dtype* mean = NULL;
if (has_mean_file) {
CHECK_EQ(img_channels, data_mean_.channels());
CHECK_EQ(img_height, data_mean_.height());
CHECK_EQ(img_width, data_mean_.width());
mean = data_mean_.mutable_cpu_data();
}
if (has_mean_values) {
CHECK(mean_values_.size() == 1 || mean_values_.size() == img_channels) <<
"Specify either 1 mean_value or as many as channels: " << img_channels;
if (img_channels > 1 && mean_values_.size() == 1) {
// Replicate the mean_value for simplicity
for (int c = 1; c < img_channels; ++c) {
mean_values_.push_back(mean_values_[0]);
}
}
}
int h_off = 0;
int w_off = 0;
cv::Mat cv_cropped_img = cv_img;
if (crop_size) {
CHECK_EQ(crop_size, height);
CHECK_EQ(crop_size, width);
// We only do random crop when we do training.
if (phase_ == TRAIN) {
h_off = Rand(img_height - crop_size + 1);
w_off = Rand(img_width - crop_size + 1);
} else {
h_off = (img_height - crop_size) / 2;
w_off = (img_width - crop_size) / 2;
}
cv::Rect roi(w_off, h_off, crop_size, crop_size);
cv_cropped_img = cv_img(roi);
} else {
CHECK_EQ(img_height, height);
CHECK_EQ(img_width, width);
}
CHECK(cv_cropped_img.data);
Dtype* transformed_data = transformed_blob->mutable_cpu_data();
int top_index;
for (int h = 0; h < height; ++h) {
const uchar* ptr = cv_cropped_img.ptr<uchar>(h);
int img_index = 0;
for (int w = 0; w < width; ++w) {
for (int c = 0; c < img_channels; ++c) {
if (do_mirror) {
top_index = (c * height + h) * width + (width - 1 - w);
} else {
top_index = (c * height + h) * width + w;
}
// int top_index = (c * height + h) * width + w;
Dtype pixel = static_cast<Dtype>(ptr[img_index++]);
if (has_mean_file) {
int mean_index = (c * img_height + h_off + h) * img_width + w_off + w;
transformed_data[top_index] =
(pixel - mean[mean_index]) * scale;
} else {
if (has_mean_values) {
transformed_data[top_index] =
(pixel - mean_values_[c]) * scale;
} else {
transformed_data[top_index] = pixel * scale;
}
}
}
}
}
}
#endif // USE_OPENCV
template<typename Dtype>
void DataTransformer<Dtype>::Transform(Blob<Dtype>* input_blob,
Blob<Dtype>* transformed_blob) {
const int crop_size = param_.crop_size();
const int input_num = input_blob->num();
const int input_channels = input_blob->channels();
const int input_height = input_blob->height();
const int input_width = input_blob->width();
if (transformed_blob->count() == 0) {
// Initialize transformed_blob with the right shape.
if (crop_size) {
transformed_blob->Reshape(input_num, input_channels,
crop_size, crop_size);
} else {
transformed_blob->Reshape(input_num, input_channels,
input_height, input_width);
}
}
const int num = transformed_blob->num();
const int channels = transformed_blob->channels();
const int height = transformed_blob->height();
const int width = transformed_blob->width();
const int size = transformed_blob->count();
CHECK_LE(input_num, num);
CHECK_EQ(input_channels, channels);
CHECK_GE(input_height, height);
CHECK_GE(input_width, width);
const Dtype scale = param_.scale();
const bool do_mirror = param_.mirror() && Rand(2);
const bool has_mean_file = param_.has_mean_file();
const bool has_mean_values = mean_values_.size() > 0;
int h_off = 0;
int w_off = 0;
if (crop_size) {
CHECK_EQ(crop_size, height);
CHECK_EQ(crop_size, width);
// We only do random crop when we do training.
if (phase_ == TRAIN) {
h_off = Rand(input_height - crop_size + 1);
w_off = Rand(input_width - crop_size + 1);
} else {
h_off = (input_height - crop_size) / 2;
w_off = (input_width - crop_size) / 2;
}
} else {
CHECK_EQ(input_height, height);
CHECK_EQ(input_width, width);
}
// 如果有均值文件则
Dtype* input_data = input_blob->mutable_cpu_data();
if (has_mean_file) {
CHECK_EQ(input_channels, data_mean_.channels());
CHECK_EQ(input_height, data_mean_.height());
CHECK_EQ(input_width, data_mean_.width());
for (int n = 0; n < input_num; ++n) {
int offset = input_blob->offset(n);
/*
template <typename Dtype>
void caffe_sub(const int N, const Dtype* a, const Dtype* b, Dtype* y);
math_function中定义的caffe_sub目的是矩阵相减input_data（以offset开始的矩阵） = input_data（以offset开始的矩阵） - data_mean_
*/
caffe_sub(data_mean_.count(), input_data + offset,
data_mean_.cpu_data(), input_data + offset);
}
}
// 如果每个channel有均值则
if (has_mean_values) {
CHECK(mean_values_.size() == 1 || mean_values_.size() == input_channels) <<
"Specify either 1 mean_value or as many as channels: " << input_channels;
if (mean_values_.size() == 1) {
caffe_add_scalar(input_blob->count(), -(mean_values_[0]), input_data);
} else {
for (int n = 0; n < input_num; ++n) {
for (int c = 0; c < input_channels; ++c) {
int offset = input_blob->offset(n, c);
// 给nput_data[offset]地址开始的每一个元素加上一个-mean_values_[c]
caffe_add_scalar(input_height * input_width, -(mean_values_[c]),
input_data + offset);
}
}
}
}
// 如果啥均值都没有则直接复制
Dtype* transformed_data = transformed_blob->mutable_cpu_data();
for (int n = 0; n < input_num; ++n) {
int top_index_n = n * channels;
int data_index_n = n * channels;
for (int c = 0; c < channels; ++c) {
int top_index_c = (top_index_n + c) * height;
int data_index_c = (data_index_n + c) * input_height + h_off;
for (int h = 0; h < height; ++h) {
int top_index_h = (top_index_c + h) * width;
int data_index_h = (data_index_c + h) * input_width + w_off;
if (do_mirror) {
int top_index_w = top_index_h + width - 1;
for (int w = 0; w < width; ++w) {
transformed_data[top_index_w-w] = input_data[data_index_h + w];
}
} else {
for (int w = 0; w < width; ++w) {
transformed_data[top_index_h + w] = input_data[data_index_h + w];
}
}
}
}
}
if (scale != Dtype(1)) {
DLOG(INFO) << "Scale: " << scale;
caffe_scal(size, scale, transformed_data);
}
}
template<typename Dtype>
vector<int> DataTransformer<Dtype>::InferBlobShape(const Datum& datum) {
if (datum.encoded()) {
#ifdef USE_OPENCV // 如果使用OpenCV则可以用先转换为CVMat，然后在推断blob的形状
CHECK(!(param_.force_color() && param_.force_gray()))
<< "cannot set both force_color and force_gray";
cv::Mat cv_img;
if (param_.force_color() || param_.force_gray()) {
// If force_color then decode in color otherwise decode in gray.
cv_img = DecodeDatumToCVMat(datum, param_.force_color());
} else {
cv_img = DecodeDatumToCVMatNative(datum);
}
// InferBlobShape using the cv::image.
return InferBlobShape(cv_img);
#else
LOG(FATAL) << "Encoded datum requires OpenCV; compile with USE_OPENCV.";
#endif // USE_OPENCV
}
// 否则直接粗暴地从datum里面获取形状的数据
const int crop_size = param_.crop_size();
const int datum_channels = datum.channels();
const int datum_height = datum.height();
const int datum_width = datum.width();
// Check dimensions.
CHECK_GT(datum_channels, 0);
CHECK_GE(datum_height, crop_size);
CHECK_GE(datum_width, crop_size);
// Build BlobShape.
vector<int> shape(4);
shape[0] = 1;
shape[1] = datum_channels;
shape[2] = (crop_size)? crop_size: datum_height;
shape[3] = (crop_size)? crop_size: datum_width;
return shape;
}
template<typename Dtype>
vector<int> DataTransformer<Dtype>::InferBlobShape(
const vector<Datum> & datum_vector) {
const int num = datum_vector.size();
CHECK_GT(num, 0) << "There is no datum to in the vector";
// Use first datum in the vector to InferBlobShape.
// 使用第一个来进行推断
vector<int> shape = InferBlobShape(datum_vector[0]);
// Adjust num to the size of the vector.
shape[0] = num;
return shape;
}
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
// 如果使用OpenCV
// 使用CVMat中的信息来推断形状
template<typename Dtype>
vector<int> DataTransformer<Dtype>::InferBlobShape(const cv::Mat& cv_img) {
const int crop_size = param_.crop_size();
const int img_channels = cv_img.channels();
const int img_height = cv_img.rows;
const int img_width = cv_img.cols;
// Check dimensions.
CHECK_GT(img_channels, 0);
CHECK_GE(img_height, crop_size);
CHECK_GE(img_width, crop_size);
// Build BlobShape.
vector<int> shape(4);
shape[0] = 1;
shape[1] = img_channels;
shape[2] = (crop_size)? crop_size: img_height;
shape[3] = (crop_size)? crop_size: img_width;
return shape;
}
template<typename Dtype>
vector<int> DataTransformer<Dtype>::InferBlobShape(
const vector<cv::Mat> & mat_vector) {
const int num = mat_vector.size();
CHECK_GT(num, 0) << "There is no cv_img to in the vector";
// Use first cv_img in the vector to InferBlobShape.
// 使用第一个来推断
vector<int> shape = InferBlobShape(mat_vector[0]);
// Adjust num to the size of the vector.
shape[0] = num;
return shape;
}
#endif // USE_OPENCV
// 初始化随机数种子
template <typename Dtype>
void DataTransformer<Dtype>::InitRand() {
// 要么需要镜像要么训练阶段和需要crop同时满足的情况下才初始化随机数种子
const bool needs_rand = param_.mirror() ||
(phase_ == TRAIN && param_.crop_size());
if (needs_rand) {
const unsigned int rng_seed = caffe_rng_rand();// 获得随机数种子（通过熵池或者时间生成种子）
rng_.reset(new Caffe::RNG(rng_seed));//初始化随机数种子并实例化随机数生成器
} else {
rng_.reset();//否则随机数生成器设置为空
}
}
// 产生从0到n的随机数
template <typename Dtype>
int DataTransformer<Dtype>::Rand(int n) {
CHECK(rng_);
CHECK_GT(n, 0);
caffe::rng_t* rng =
static_cast<caffe::rng_t*>(rng_->generator());
return ((*rng)() % n);
}
INSTANTIATE_CLASS(DataTransformer);
/*
初始化类的宏定义是这样的，前面有讲过，这里再给出来
#define INSTANTIATE_CLASS(classname) \
char gInstantiationGuard##classname; \
template class classname<float>; \
template class classname<double>
*/
} // namespace caffe三、与DataTransformer类相关类的介绍
（1）io的介绍
首先给出io中定义的各个函数的含义：
#ifndef CAFFE_UTIL_IO_H_
#define CAFFE_UTIL_IO_H_
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include "google/protobuf/message.h"
#include "caffe/blob.hpp"
#include "caffe/common.hpp"
#include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"
namespace caffe {
using ::google::protobuf::Message;
// 内联函数，创建临时文件
inline void MakeTempFilename(string* temp_filename) {
temp_filename->clear();
*temp_filename = "/tmp/caffe_test.XXXXXX";
char* temp_filename_cstr = new char[temp_filename->size() + 1];
// NOLINT_NEXT_LINE(runtime/printf)
strcpy(temp_filename_cstr, temp_filename->c_str());
int fd = mkstemp(temp_filename_cstr);
CHECK_GE(fd, 0) << "Failed to open a temporary file at: " << *temp_filename;
close(fd);
*temp_filename = temp_filename_cstr;
delete[] temp_filename_cstr;
}
// 内联函数，创建临时目录
inline void MakeTempDir(string* temp_dirname) {
temp_dirname->clear();
*temp_dirname = "/tmp/caffe_test.XXXXXX";
char* temp_dirname_cstr = new char[temp_dirname->size() + 1];
// NOLINT_NEXT_LINE(runtime/printf)
strcpy(temp_dirname_cstr, temp_dirname->c_str());
char* mkdtemp_result = mkdtemp(temp_dirname_cstr);
CHECK(mkdtemp_result != NULL)
<< "Failed to create a temporary directory at: " << *temp_dirname;
*temp_dirname = temp_dirname_cstr;
delete[] temp_dirname_cstr;
}
// 从txt读取proto的定义
bool ReadProtoFromTextFile(const char* filename, Message* proto);
// 从text读取proto的定义
inline bool ReadProtoFromTextFile(const string& filename, Message* proto) {
return ReadProtoFromTextFile(filename.c_str(), proto);
}
// 从text读取proto的定义,只是增加了检查而已
inline void ReadProtoFromTextFileOrDie(const char* filename, Message* proto) {
CHECK(ReadProtoFromTextFile(filename, proto));
}
// 从text读取proto的定义,只是增加了检查而已
inline void ReadProtoFromTextFileOrDie(const string& filename, Message* proto) {
ReadProtoFromTextFileOrDie(filename.c_str(), proto);
}
// 将proto写入到txt文件
void WriteProtoToTextFile(const Message& proto, const char* filename);
inline void WriteProtoToTextFile(const Message& proto, const string& filename) {
WriteProtoToTextFile(proto, filename.c_str());
}
// 从bin读取proto的定义
bool ReadProtoFromBinaryFile(const char* filename, Message* proto);
// 从bin读取proto的定义
inline bool ReadProtoFromBinaryFile(const string& filename, Message* proto) {
return ReadProtoFromBinaryFile(filename.c_str(), proto);
}
// 从bin读取proto的定义,只是增加了检查而已
inline void ReadProtoFromBinaryFileOrDie(const char* filename, Message* proto) {
CHECK(ReadProtoFromBinaryFile(filename, proto));
}
// 从bin读取proto的定义,只是增加了检查而已
inline void ReadProtoFromBinaryFileOrDie(const string& filename,
Message* proto) {
ReadProtoFromBinaryFileOrDie(filename.c_str(), proto);
}
// 将proto写入到bin文件
void WriteProtoToBinaryFile(const Message& proto, const char* filename);
// 内联函数，将proto写入到bin文件
inline void WriteProtoToBinaryFile(
const Message& proto, const string& filename) {
WriteProtoToBinaryFile(proto, filename.c_str());
}
// 从文件读取数据到Datum
bool ReadFileToDatum(const string& filename, const int label, Datum* datum);
// 内联函数，从文件读取数据到Datum
inline bool ReadFileToDatum(const string& filename, Datum* datum) {
return ReadFileToDatum(filename, -1, datum);
}
// 从图像文件读取数据到Datum
bool ReadImageToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
const int height, const int width, const bool is_color,
const std::string & encoding, Datum* datum);
// 内联函数，从图像文件（彩色还是黑白？）读取数据到Datum，指定图像大小
inline bool ReadImageToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
const int height, const int width, const bool is_color, Datum* datum) {
return ReadImageToDatum(filename, label, height, width, is_color,
"", datum);
}
// 内联函数，从彩色图像文件读取数据到Datum，指定图像大小
inline bool ReadImageToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
const int height, const int width, Datum* datum) {
return ReadImageToDatum(filename, label, height, width, true, datum);
}
// 内联函数，从图像文件（彩色还是黑白？）读取数据到Datum，自动获取图像大小
inline bool ReadImageToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
const bool is_color, Datum* datum) {
return ReadImageToDatum(filename, label, 0, 0, is_color, datum);
}
// 内联函数，从彩色图像文件读取数据到Datum，自动获取图像大小
inline bool ReadImageToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
Datum* datum) {
return ReadImageToDatum(filename, label, 0, 0, true, datum);
}
// 内联函数，从彩色图像文件读取数据到Datum，自动获取图像大小，指定编码格式
inline bool ReadImageToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
const std::string & encoding, Datum* datum) {
return ReadImageToDatum(filename, label, 0, 0, true, encoding, datum);
}
// 对Datum进行解码
bool DecodeDatumNative(Datum* datum);
// 对彩色图像的Datum进行解码
bool DecodeDatum(Datum* datum, bool is_color);
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
// 将图像读取到CVMat，指定图像大小，是否彩色
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename,
const int height, const int width, const bool is_color);
// 将图像读取到CVMat，指定图像大小
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename,
const int height, const int width);
// 将图像读取到CVMat，指定是否彩色
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename,
const bool is_color);
// 将图像读取到CVMat
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename);
// 将Datum解码为为CVMat
cv::Mat DecodeDatumToCVMatNative(const Datum& datum);
// 将彩色图像的Datum解码为为CVMat
cv::Mat DecodeDatumToCVMat(const Datum& datum, bool is_color);
// 将CVMat转换为Datum
void CVMatToDatum(const cv::Mat& cv_img, Datum* datum);
#endif // USE_OPENCV
} // namespace caffe
#endif // CAFFE_UTIL_IO_H_
接下来给出io中的具体的实现的注释
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui_c.h>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#endif // USE_OPENCV
#include <stdint.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream> // NOLINT(readability/streams)
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "caffe/common.hpp"
#include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"
#include "caffe/util/io.hpp"
const int kProtoReadBytesLimit = INT_MAX; // Max size of 2 GB minus 1 byte.
namespace caffe {
using google::protobuf::io::FileInputStream;
using google::protobuf::io::FileOutputStream;
using google::protobuf::io::ZeroCopyInputStream;
using google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream;
using google::protobuf::io::ZeroCopyOutputStream;
using google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream;
using google::protobuf::Message;
// 从文件读取Proto的txt文件
bool ReadProtoFromTextFile(const char* filename, Message* proto) {
int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
CHECK_NE(fd, -1) << "File not found: " << filename;
FileInputStream* input = new FileInputStream(fd);
// 注意如何使用protobuf去读取
bool success = google::protobuf::TextFormat::Parse(input, proto);
delete input;
close(fd);
return success;
}
// 将proto写入到txt文件
void WriteProtoToTextFile(const Message& proto, const char* filename) {
int fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
FileOutputStream* output = new FileOutputStream(fd);
// 注意如何写入
CHECK(google::protobuf::TextFormat::Print(proto, output));
delete output;
close(fd);
}
// 从bin读取proto的定义
bool ReadProtoFromBinaryFile(const char* filename, Message* proto) {
int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
CHECK_NE(fd, -1) << "File not found: " << filename;
ZeroCopyInputStream* raw_input = new FileInputStream(fd);
// 解码流com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream
CodedInputStream* coded_input = new CodedInputStream(raw_input);
coded_input->SetTotalBytesLimit(kProtoReadBytesLimit, 536870912);
bool success = proto->ParseFromCodedStream(coded_input);
delete coded_input;
delete raw_input;
close(fd);
return success;
}
// 将proto写入到bin文件
void WriteProtoToBinaryFile(const Message& proto, const char* filename) {
fstream output(filename, ios::out | ios::trunc | ios::binary);
CHECK(proto.SerializeToOstream(&output));
}
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
// 将图像读取到CVMat，指定图像大小，是否彩色
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename,
const int height, const int width, const bool is_color) {
cv::Mat cv_img;
int cv_read_flag = (is_color ? CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR :
CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE);
cv::Mat cv_img_origin = cv::imread(filename, cv_read_flag);
if (!cv_img_origin.data) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Could not open or find file " << filename;
return cv_img_origin;
}
if (height > 0 && width > 0) {
cv::resize(cv_img_origin, cv_img, cv::Size(width, height));
} else {
cv_img = cv_img_origin;
}
return cv_img;
}
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename,
const int height, const int width) {
return ReadImageToCVMat(filename, height, width, true);
}
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename,
const bool is_color) {
return ReadImageToCVMat(filename, 0, 0, is_color);
}
cv::Mat ReadImageToCVMat(const string& filename) {
return ReadImageToCVMat(filename, 0, 0, true);
}
// Do the file extension and encoding match?
// 看看是不是jpg还是jpeg的图像
static bool matchExt(const std::string & fn,
std::string en) {
size_t p = fn.rfind('.');
std::string ext = p != fn.npos ? fn.substr(p) : fn;
std::transform(ext.begin(), ext.end(), ext.begin(), ::tolower);
std::transform(en.begin(), en.end(), en.begin(), ::tolower);
if ( ext == en )
return true;
if ( en == "jpg" && ext == "jpeg" )
return true;
return false;
}
// 从图像文件读取数据到Datum
bool ReadImageToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
const int height, const int width, const bool is_color,
const std::string & encoding, Datum* datum) {
cv::Mat cv_img = ReadImageToCVMat(filename, height, width, is_color);
if (cv_img.data) {
if (encoding.size()) {
if ( (cv_img.channels() == 3) == is_color && !height && !width &&
matchExt(filename, encoding) )
return ReadFileToDatum(filename, label, datum);
std::vector<uchar> buf;
// 对数据解码
cv::imencode("."+encoding, cv_img, buf);
datum->set_data(std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&buf[0]),
buf.size()));
// 数据标签
datum->set_label(label);
// 是否被编码
datum->set_encoded(true);
return true;
}
CVMatToDatum(cv_img, datum);
datum->set_label(label);
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
#endif // USE_OPENCV
// 从文件读取数据到Datum
bool ReadFileToDatum(const string& filename, const int label,
Datum* datum) {
std::streampos size;
fstream file(filename.c_str(), ios::in|ios::binary|ios::ate);
if (file.is_open()) {
size = file.tellg();
std::string buffer(size, ' ');
file.seekg(0, ios::beg);
file.read(&buffer[0], size);
file.close();
datum->set_data(buffer);
datum->set_label(label);
datum->set_encoded(true);
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
#ifdef USE_OPENCV
// 直接编码数据的Datum到CVMat
cv::Mat DecodeDatumToCVMatNative(const Datum& datum) {
cv::Mat cv_img;
CHECK(datum.encoded()) << "Datum not encoded";
const string& data = datum.data();
std::vector<char> vec_data(data.c_str(), data.c_str() + data.size());
cv_img = cv::imdecode(vec_data, -1);//flag=-1
if (!cv_img.data) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Could not decode datum ";
}
return cv_img;
}
// 直接编码彩色或者非彩色Datum到CVMat
cv::Mat DecodeDatumToCVMat(const Datum& datum, bool is_color) {
cv::Mat cv_img;
CHECK(datum.encoded()) << "Datum not encoded";
const string& data = datum.data();
std::vector<char> vec_data(data.c_str(), data.c_str() + data.size());
int cv_read_flag = (is_color ? CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR :
CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE);
cv_img = cv::imdecode(vec_data, cv_read_flag);// flag为用户指定的
if (!cv_img.data) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Could not decode datum ";
}
return cv_img;
}
// If Datum is encoded will decoded using DecodeDatumToCVMat and CVMatToDatum
// If Datum is not encoded will do nothing
bool DecodeDatumNative(Datum* datum) {
if (datum->encoded()) {
cv::Mat cv_img = DecodeDatumToCVMatNative((*datum));
CVMatToDatum(cv_img, datum);
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
// 将Datum进行解码
bool DecodeDatum(Datum* datum, bool is_color) {
if (datum->encoded()) {
cv::Mat cv_img = DecodeDatumToCVMat((*datum), is_color);
CVMatToDatum(cv_img, datum);
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
// 将CVMat转换到Datum
void CVMatToDatum(const cv::Mat& cv_img, Datum* datum) {
CHECK(cv_img.depth() == CV_8U) << "Image data type must be unsigned byte";
datum->set_channels(cv_img.channels());
datum->set_height(cv_img.rows);
datum->set_width(cv_img.cols);
datum->clear_data();
datum->clear_float_data();
datum->set_encoded(false);
int datum_channels = datum->channels();
int datum_height = datum->height();
int datum_width = datum->width();
int datum_size = datum_channels * datum_height * datum_width;
std::string buffer(datum_size, ' ');
for (int h = 0; h < datum_height; ++h) {
const uchar* ptr = cv_img.ptr<uchar>(h);
int img_index = 0;
for (int w = 0; w < datum_width; ++w) {
for (int c = 0; c < datum_channels; ++c) {
int datum_index = (c * datum_height + h) * datum_width + w;
buffer[datum_index] = static_cast<char>(ptr[img_index++]);
}
}
}
datum->set_data(buffer);
}
#endif // USE_OPENCV
} // namespace caffe
四、总结
总结起来就是，DataTransformer所作的工作实际上就是crop数据，让数据减去均值，以及缩放数据。
然后就是根据数据来推断形状。此外还介绍了io的内容，里面包含了创建临时文件临时目录操作，以及从txt文件以及bin文件读取proto数据或者写入proto的数据到txt或者bin文件。
参考：
[1]你可能需要了解关于cv::imencode和 cv::imdecode函数的flag的含义
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