50个超硬核 Python 脚本！

**核心点：**50个常用的Python模块，配官网文档！

哈喽，我是cos大壮！

首先，祝大家 1024 程序员节日快乐~

早上突发奇想，整理了一个覆盖面比较广泛的Python脚本示例，涉及到机器学习、数据处理、还有算法er可能会遇到自己写后台的一些案例。

另外，每个模块底部提供了对于官网文档，更加方便的查询具体的使用方法。

所有的模块做了一个云图，以及代码也提供给了大家，文末记录，记得收藏！

老规矩：大家伙如果觉得近期文章还不错！欢迎大家点个赞、转个发，让更多的朋友看到。

那咱们从 hello word开始~

1、Hello World

print("Hello, World!")  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/

2、变量和数据类型

name = "Alice"  
age = 30  
height = 175.5  
is\_student = True  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#numbers

3、列表

fruits = \["apple", "banana", "cherry"\]  
fruits.append("date")  
print(fruits)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#lists

4、字典

person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}  
print(person\["name"\])  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries

5、循环

for i in range(1, 6):  
    print(i)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/introduction.html#first-steps-towards-programming

6、条件语句

x = 5  
if x > 10:  
    print("x is greater than 10")  
else:  
    print("x is not greater than 10")  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html

7、函数

def greet(name):  
    return f"Hello, {name}!"  
  
message = greet("Alice")  
print(message)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#defining-functions

8、模块导入

import math  
  
print(math.sqrt(16))  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html

9、异常处理

try:  
    result = 10 / 0  
except ZeroDivisionError:  
    print("Division by zero is not allowed.")  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html

10、文件操作

with open("example.txt", "w") as file:  
    file.write("Hello, File!")  
  
with open("example.txt", "r") as file:  
    content = file.read()  
    print(content)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html

11、日期和时间

from datetime import datetime  
  
now = datetime.now()  
print(now)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html

12、随机数生成

import random  
  
random\_number = random.randint(1, 100)  
print(random\_number)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html

13、正则表达式

import re  
  
text = "Hello, 12345"  
pattern = r'\\d+'  
match = re.search(pattern, text)  
if match:  
    print(match.group())  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html

14、Web请求

import requests  
  
response = requests.get("https://www.example.com")  
print(response.text)  

官方文档: https://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/

15、CSV文件处理

import csv  
  
with open("data.csv", "w", newline="") as file:  
    writer = csv.writer(file)  
    writer.writerow(\["Name", "Age"\])  
    writer.writerow(\["Alice", 25\])  
  
with open("data.csv", "r") as file:  
    reader = csv.reader(file)  
    for row in reader:  
        print(row)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html

16、JSON处理

import json  
  
data = {"name": "Bob", "age": 35}  
json\_data = json.dumps(data)  
print(json\_data)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html

17、爬虫 - BeautifulSoup

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  
import requests  
  
url = "https://www.example.com"  
response = requests.get(url)  
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser")  
print(soup.title.text)  

官方文档: https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/

18、多线程

import threading  
  
def print\_numbers():  
    for i in range(1, 6):  
        print(f"Number: {i}")  
  
def print\_letters():  
    for letter in "abcde":  
        print(f"Letter: {letter}")  
  
thread1 = threading.Thread(target=print\_numbers)  
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=print\_letters)  
  
thread1.start()  
thread2.start()  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html

23、数据爬取 - Selenium

from selenium import webdriver  
  
driver = webdriver.Chrome()  
driver.get("https://www.example.com")  

官方文档: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/

20、REST API - Flask

from flask import Flask, jsonify  
  
app = Flask(\_\_name)  
  
@app.route('/api', methods=\['GET'\])  
def get\_data():  
    data = {'message': 'Hello, API!'}  
    return jsonify(data)  
  
if \_\_name\_\_ == '\_\_main\_\_':  
    app.run()  

官方文档: https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/2.1.x/

21、数据库连接 - SQLite

import sqlite3  
  
conn = sqlite3.connect('mydatabase.db')  
cursor = conn.cursor()  
cursor.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)')  
conn.commit()  
conn.close()  

官方文档: https://www.sqlite.org/docs.html

22、图像处理 - Pillow

from PIL import Image  
  
img = Image.open('example.jpg')  
img.show()  

官方文档: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html

23、图形界面 - Tkinter

import tkinter as tk  
  
root = tk.Tk()  
label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello, GUI!")  
label.pack()  
root.mainloop()  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html

24、文本生成 - Faker

from faker import Faker  
  
fake = Faker()  
print(fake.name())  

官方文档: https://faker.readthedocs.io/en/master/

25、加密和解密 - cryptography

from cryptography.fernet import Fernet  
  
key = Fernet.generate\_key()  
cipher\_suite = Fernet(key)  
text = "Secret message".encode()  
cipher\_text = cipher\_suite.encrypt(text)  
print(cipher\_text)  

官方文档: https://cryptography.io/en/latest/

26、Socket编程

import socket  
  
server\_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF\_INET, socket.SOCK\_STREAM)  
server\_socket.bind(('127.0.0.1', 12345))  
server\_socket.listen(5)  
print("Server is listening...")  
  
while True:  
    client\_socket, addr = server\_socket.accept()  
    print(f"Connection from {addr}")  
    client\_socket.send(b"Hello, client!")  
    client\_socket.close()  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html

27、并发编程 - threading

import threading  
  
def print  
  
\_numbers():  
    for i in range(1, 6):  
        print(f"Number: {i}")  
  
def print\_letters():  
    for letter in "abcde":  
        print(f"Letter: {letter}")  
  
thread1 = threading.Thread(target=print\_numbers)  
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=print\_letters)  
  
thread1.start()  
thread2.start()  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html

28、正则表达式 - re

import re  
  
text = "My phone number is 123-456-7890."  
pattern = r'\\d{3}-\\d{3}-\\d{4}'  
match = re.search(pattern, text)  
if match:  
    print(f"Phone number found: {match.group()}")  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/howto/regex.html

29、REST API - FastAPI

from fastapi import FastAPI  
  
app = FastAPI()  
  
@app.get("/items/{item\_id}")  
def read\_item(item\_id: int, query\_param: str = None):  
    return {"item\_id": item\_id, "query\_param": query\_param}  

官方文档: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/

30、数据库连接 - SQLAlchemy

from sqlalchemy import create\_engine, Column, Integer, String  
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker  
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative\_base  
  
engine = create\_engine('sqlite:///mydatabase.db')  
Base = declarative\_base()  
  
class User(Base):  
    \_\_tablename\_\_ = 'users'  
    id = Column(Integer, primary\_key=True)  
    name = Column(String)  
  
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)  
session = Session()  

官方文档: https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/20/

31、文本处理 - NLTK

import nltk  
nltk.download('punkt')  
from nltk.tokenize import word\_tokenize  
  
text = "This is a sample sentence."  
tokens = word\_tokenize(text)  
print(tokens)  

官方文档: https://www.nltk.org/

32、命令行应用 - argparse

import argparse  
  
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='A simple command-line app')  
parser.add\_argument('--name', type=str, help='Your name')  
args = parser.parse\_args()  
print(f'Hello, {args.name}!')  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html

33、微服务 - Flask-RESTful

from flask import Flask  
from flask\_restful import Resource, Api  
  
app = Flask(\_\_name)  
api = Api(app)  
  
class HelloWorld(Resource):  
    def get(self):  
        return {'message': 'Hello, World!'}  
  
api.add\_resource(HelloWorld, '/')  

官方文档: https://flask-restful.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

34、数据处理 - BeautifulSoup

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  
import requests  
  
url = "https://www.example.com"  
response = requests.get(url)  
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser")  
print(soup.title.text)  

官方文档: https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/

35、加密 - hashlib

import hashlib  
  
text = "Secret Password"  
hash\_object = hashlib.sha256(text.encode())  
hash\_hex = hash\_object.hexdigest()  
print(hash\_hex)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html

36、数据序列化 - Pickle

import pickle  
  
data = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}  
with open('data.pkl', 'wb') as file:  
    pickle.dump(data, file)  
  
with open('data.pkl', 'rb') as file:  
    loaded\_data = pickle.load(file)  
    print(loaded\_data)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html

37、并行处理 - concurrent.futures

import concurrent.futures  
  
def square(x):  
    return x \* x  
  
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:  
    results = executor.map(square, \[1, 2, 3, 4, 5\])  
  
for result in results:  
    print(result)  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrent.futures.html

38、网络爬虫 - Scrapy

import scrapy  
  
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):  
    name = 'example.com'  
    start\_urls = \['https://www.example.com'\]  
  
    def parse(self, response):  
        # 爬取和处理数据  
        pass  

官方文档: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/

39、异步编程 - asyncio

import asyncio  
  
async def hello():  
    await asyncio.sleep(1)  
    print("Hello, Async!")  
  
loop = asyncio.get\_event\_loop()  
loop.run\_until\_complete(hello())  

官方文档: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html

40、数据分析 - Numpy

import numpy as np  
  
arr = np.array(\[1, 2, 3, 4, 5\])  
print(arr.mean())  

官方文档: https://numpy.org/doc/stable/

41、数据处理 - Pandas

import pandas as pd  
  
data = {'Name': \['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'\], 'Age': \[25, 30, 35\]}  
df = pd.DataFrame(data)  
print(df)  

官方文档: https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/

42、数据可视化 - Matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
  
x = \[1, 2, 3, 4, 5\]  
y = \[10, 15, 13, 18, 20\]  
plt.plot(x, y)  
plt.show()  

官方文档: https://matplotlib.org/stable/contents.html

43、机器学习 - Scikit-Learn

from sklearn.datasets import load\_iris  
from sklearn.model\_selection import train\_test\_split  
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier  
  
iris = load\_iris()  
X\_train, X\_test, y\_train, y\_test = train\_test\_split(iris.data, iris.target, test\_size=0.2)  
clf = RandomForestClassifier(n\_estimators=100)  
clf.fit(X\_train, y\_train)  

官方文档: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/documentation.html

44、机器学习 - Keras

from keras.models import Sequential  
from keras.layers import Dense  
  
model = Sequential()  
model.add(Dense(units=64, activation='relu', input\_dim=100))  
model.add(Dense(units=10, activation='softmax'))  

官方文档: https://keras.io/guides/

45、图像处理 - OpenCV

import cv2  
  
image = cv2.imread('image.jpg')  
cv2.imshow('Image', image)  
cv2.waitKey(0)  
cv2.destroyAllWindows()  

官方文档: https://docs.opencv.org/master/index.html

46、数据爬取 - Scrapy

import scrapy  
  
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):  
    name = 'example.com'  
    start\_urls = \['https://www.example.com'\]  
  
    def parse(self, response):  
        # 爬取和处理数据  
        pass  

官方文档: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/

47、数据分析 - Seaborn

import seaborn as sns  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
  
data = sns.load\_dataset("iris")  
sns.pairplot(data, hue="species")  
plt.show()  

官方文档: https://seaborn.pydata.org/introduction.html

48、数据可视化 - Plotly

import plotly.express as px  
  
fig = px.scatter(x=\[1, 2, 3, 4\], y=\[10, 11, 12, 13\])  
fig.show()  

官方文档: https://plotly.com/python/

49、自然语言处理 - spaCy

import spacy  
  
nlp = spacy.load('en\_core\_web\_sm')  
doc = nlp("This is a sample sentence.")  
for token in doc:  
    print(token.text, token.pos\_)  

官方文档: https://spacy.io/usage/spacy-101

50、机器学习 - XGBoost

import xgboost as xgb  
  
data = xgb.DMatrix('train.csv')  
param = {'max\_depth': 3, 'eta': 0.1, 'objective': 'reg:squarederror'}  
model = xgb.train(param, data, 10)  

官方文档: https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Last - 云图

今天整理了 50 个常用的Python示例代码。

最后，给出咱们开头云图的代码，代码中大家可以自行设置内容和权重。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  
from wordcloud import WordCloud  
  
# 方面列表和它们的权重  
aspects = {  
    "Hello World": 3,  
    "Variables and Data Types": 4,  
    "Lists": 4,  
    "Dictionaries": 4,  
    "Loops": 4,  
    "Conditional Statements": 4,  
    "Functions": 4,  
    "Module Import": 4,  
    "Exception Handling": 4,  
    "Date and Time": 5,  
    "Random Number Generation": 5,  
    "Regular Expressions": 5,  
    "CSV File Handling": 5,  
    "JSON Handling": 5,  
    "BeautifulSoup": 5,  
    "File Operations": 5,  
    "Multithreading": 5,  
    "Tkinter": 5,  
    "Pandas": 6,  
    "asyncio": 5,  
    "XGBoost": 6,  
    "Matplotlib": 5,  
    "Scikit-Learn": 5,  
    "Selenium": 5,  
    "Flask": 1,  
    "Web Requests": 3,  
    "SQLite": 3,  
    "Pillow": 3,  
    "Numpy": 6,  
    "Faker": 3,  
    "cryptography": 3,  
    "Socket Programming": 3,  
    "threading": 3,  
    "re": 4,  
    "NLTK": 5,  
    "Keras": 7,  
    "OpenCV": 7,  
    "Scrapy": 7,  
    "FastAPI": 3,  
    "SQLAlchemy": 5,  
    "Seaborn": 5,  
    "Plotly": 5,  
    "argparse": 5,  
    "Flask-RESTful": 3,  
    "BeautifulSoup": 3,  
    "spaCy": 6,  
    "hashlib": 5,  
    "Pickle": 5,  
    "concurrent.futures": 5,  
    "Scrapy": 6  
}  
  
# 将方面列表和权重转化为文本  
aspects\_text = " ".join(\[aspect for aspect, weight in aspects.items() for \_ in range(weight)\])  
  
# 创建WordCloud对象  
wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=400, background\_color='white').generate(aspects\_text)  
  
# 显示云图  
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))  
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')  
plt.axis("off")  
plt.show()  
  

最后

今天整理了常用的 50 个Python脚本模块，分别是基础语法、机器学习、数据处理、常用服务端的一些内容。

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