Conway生命游戏

生命游戏建立在9个方格的网格中，每个细胞有8个相邻细胞。
游戏有三个规则：
1． 如果一个细胞周围有3个细胞为生（一个细胞周围共有8个细胞），则该细胞为生（即该细胞若原先为死，则转为生，若原先为生，则保持不变） 。
2． 如果一个细胞周围有2个细胞为生，则该细胞的生死状态保持不变；
3． 在其它情况下，该细胞为死（即该细胞若原先为生，则转为死，若原先为死，则保持不变）

import sys, argparse
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import matplotlib.animation as animation

ON = 255
OFF = 0
vals = [ON, OFF]

#np的choice()方法将从给定列表vals中选择一个值，概率从0.2到0.8，创建了n*n个值，使用reshape()方法使它成为一个二维数组
def randomGrid(N):
    return np.random.choice(vals, N*N, p=[0.2, 0.8]).reshape(N, N)

#用numpy数组定义一个图案并用切片操作将其复制到二维网格中
def addGlider(i, j, grid):
    """adds a glider with top left cell at (i, j)"""
    glider = np.array([[0,    0, 255], 
                       [255,  0, 255], 
                       [0,  255, 255]])
    grid[i:i+3, j:j+3] = glider

#添加高斯帕滑翔枪图形
def addGosperGliderGun(i, j, grid):
    gun = np.zeros(11*38).reshape(11, 38)

    gun[5][1] = gun[5][2] = 255
    gun[6][1] = gun[6][2] = 255

    gun[3][13] = gun[3][14] = 255
    gun[4][12] = gun[4][16] = 255
    gun[5][11] = gun[5][17] = 255
    gun[6][11] = gun[6][15] = gun[6][17] = gun[6][18] = 255
    gun[7][11] = gun[7][17] = 255
    gun[8][12] = gun[8][16] = 255
    gun[9][13] = gun[9][14] = 255

    gun[1][25] = 255
    gun[2][23] = gun[2][25] = 255
    gun[3][21] = gun[3][22] = 255
    gun[4][21] = gun[4][22] = 255
    gun[5][21] = gun[5][22] = 255
    gun[6][23] = gun[6][25] = 255
    gun[7][25] = 255

    gun[3][35] = gun[3][36] = 255
    gun[4][35] = gun[4][36] = 255

    grid[i:i+11, j:j+38] = gun

def update(frameNum, img, grid, N):
    # copy grid since we require 8 neighbors for calculation
    # and we go line by line 
    newGrid = grid.copy()
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
            #计算与其相邻的八个邻居的值，求和除于255来获取ON的细胞数量
            total = int((grid[i, (j-1)%N] + grid[i, (j+1)%N] + 
                         grid[(i-1)%N, j] + grid[(i+1)%N, j] + 
                         grid[(i-1)%N, (j-1)%N] + grid[(i-1)%N, (j+1)%N] + 
                         grid[(i+1)%N, (j-1)%N] + grid[(i+1)%N, (j+1)%N])/255)
            # apply Conway's rules
            if grid[i, j]  == ON:
                if (total < 2) or (total > 3):
                    newGrid[i, j] = OFF
            else:
                if total == 3:
                    newGrid[i, j] = ON
    # update data
    img.set_data(newGrid)
    grid[:] = newGrid[:]
    return img,

# main() function
def main():
    # Command line args are in sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2] ..
    # sys.argv[0] is the script name itself and can be ignored
    # parse arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Runs Conway's Game of Life simulation.")
  # add arguments
    #dest ：参数名
    #dest：如果提供dest，例如dest="a"，那么可以通过args.a访问该参数
    parser.add_argument('--grid-size', dest='N', required=False)
    parser.add_argument('--mov-file', dest='movfile', required=False)
    parser.add_argument('--interval', dest='interval', required=False)
    #store_true和store_false：值存为True或False
    parser.add_argument('--glider', action='store_true', required=False)
    parser.add_argument('--gosper', action='store_true', required=False)
    #parse_args()方法实际上从我们的命令行参数中返回了一些数据
    args = parser.parse_args()

    #设置网格尺寸
    N = 100
    if args.N and int(args.N) > 8:
        N = int(args.N)

    # set animation update interval
    updateInterval = 50
    if args.interval:
        updateInterval = int(args.interval)

    # declare grid
    grid = np.array([])
    # check if "glider" demo flag is specified
    if args.glider:
        grid = np.zeros(N*N).reshape(N, N)
        addGlider(1, 1, grid)
    elif args.gosper:
        grid = np.zeros(N*N).reshape(N, N)
        addGosperGliderGun(10, 10, grid)
    else:
        # populate grid with random on/off - more off than on
        grid = randomGrid(N)

    #设置动画
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    img = ax.imshow(grid, interpolation='nearest')
    ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, update, fargs=(img, grid, N, ),
                                  frames = 10,
                                  interval=updateInterval,
                                  save_count=50)

    # # of frames? 
    # set output file
    if args.movfile:
        ani.save(args.movfile, fps=30, extra_args=['-vcodec', 'libx264'])

    plt.show()

# call main
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

对于argparse的参考有以下的资料
https://blog.csdn.net/lis_12/article/details/54618868
https://www.cnblogs.com/zknublx/p/6106343.html

对于Matplotlib库的参考主要有：
https://www.cnblogs.com/LHWorldBlog/p/7819331.html
http://python.jobbole.com/85106/