项目实践——贪吃蛇

技术要点：C语言函数、枚举、结构体、动态内存管理、预处理指令、链表、Win32 API

控制台程序

1. 在电脑上输入 cmd ，再点击命令提示符即可显示控制台程序
2. 
3. 可以通过 mode 和 title 命令来设置控制台窗口的长宽和名字

4.也可以调用C语言函数system来实现

控制台屏幕上的坐标COORD

1. COORD是Windows API中定义的一个结构体，表示一个字符在控制台屏幕上的坐标

2. 给坐标赋值COORD pos = { 10,15 };

宽字符的打印

1.

2.

游戏流程设计

游戏代码如下：
test .c文档

#include "Snake.h"
#include <locale.h>
void test()
{
int ch = 0;
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
do
{
Snake snake = { 0 };
GameStart(&snake);
GameRun(&snake);
GameEnd(&snake);
SetPos(20, 15);
printf("再来⼀局吗？(Y/N):");
ch = getchar();
getchar();//清理\n
} while (ch == 'Y');
SetPos(0, 27);
}
int main()
{
//修改当前地区为本地模式，为了⽀持中⽂宽字符的打印
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
//测试逻辑
test();
return 0;
}

snack.h文档

#pragma once
#include <windows.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define KEY_PRESS(VK) ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK)&0x1) ? 1 : 0)
//⽅向
enum DIRECTION
{
UP = 1,
DOWN,
LEFT,
RIGHT
};
//游戏状态
enum GAME_STATUS
{
OK,//正常运⾏
KILL_BY_WALL,//撞墙
KILL_BY_SELF,//咬到⾃⼰
END_NOMAL//正常结束
};
#define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●' //★○●◇◆□■
#define FOOD L'★' //★○●◇◆□■
//蛇的初始位置
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
//蛇⾝节点
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
int x;
int y;
struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;
typedef struct Snake
{
pSnakeNode _pSnake;//维护整条蛇的指针
pSnakeNode _pFood;//维护⻝物的指针
enum DIRECTION _Dir;//蛇头的⽅向默认是向右
enum GAME_STATUS _Status;//游戏状态
int _Socre;//当前获得分数
int _foodWeight;//默认每个⻝物10分
int _SleepTime;//每⾛⼀步休眠时间
}Snake, * pSnake;
//游戏开始前的初始化
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//游戏运⾏过程
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//游戏结束
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);
//设置光标的坐标
void SetPos(short x, short y);
//欢迎界⾯
void WelcomeToGame();
//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();
//创建地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建⻝物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//暂停响应
void pause();
//下⼀个节点是⻝物
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps);
//吃⻝物
void EatFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps);
//不吃⻝物
void NoFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps);
//撞墙检测
int KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//撞⾃⾝检测
int KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//蛇的移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
//游戏初始化
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//游戏运⾏
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//游戏结束
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

snack.c文档

#include "Snake.h"
//设置光标的坐标
void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
COORD pos = { x, y };
HANDLE hOutput = NULL;
//获取标准输出的句柄(⽤来标识不同设备的数值)
hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//设置标准输出上光标的位置为pos
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOutput, pos);
}
void WelcomeToGame()
{
SetPos(40, 15);
printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇⼩游戏");
SetPos(40, 25);//让按任意键继续的出现的位置好看点
system("pause");
system("cls");
SetPos(25, 12);
printf("⽤ ↑ . ↓ . ← . → 分别控制蛇的移动， F3为加速，F4为减速\n");
SetPos(25, 13);
printf("加速将能得到更⾼的分数。\n");
SetPos(40, 25);//让按任意键继续的出现的位置好看点
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void CreateMap()
{
int i = 0;
//上(0,0)-(56, 0)
SetPos(0, 0);
for (i = 0; i < 58; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%c", WALL);
}
//下(0,26)-(56, 26)
SetPos(0, 26);
for (i = 0; i < 58; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%c", WALL);
}
//左
//x是0，y从1开始增⻓
for (i = 1; i < 26; i++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%c", WALL);
}
//x是56，y从1开始增⻓
for (i = 1; i < 26; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%c", WALL);
}
}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
int i = 0;
//创建蛇⾝节点，并初始化坐标
//头插法
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
//创建蛇⾝的节点
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake()::malloc()");
return;
}
//设置坐标
cur->next = NULL;
cur->x = POS_X + i * 2;
cur->y = POS_Y;
//头插法
if (ps->_pSnake == NULL)
{
ps->_pSnake = cur;
}
else
{
cur->next = ps->_pSnake;
ps->_pSnake = cur;
}
}
//打印蛇的⾝体
cur = ps->_pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%c", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//初始化贪吃蛇数据
ps->_SleepTime = 200;
ps->_Socre = 0;
ps->_Status = OK;
ps->_Dir = RIGHT;
ps->_foodWeight = 10;
}
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
again:
//产⽣的x坐标应该是2的倍数，这样才可能和蛇头坐标对⻬。
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 25 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;//获取指向蛇头的指针
//⻝物不能和蛇⾝冲突
while (cur)
{
if (cur->x == x && cur->y == y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode)); //创建⻝物
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood::malloc()");
return;
}
else
{
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
SetPos(pFood->x, pFood->y);
wprintf(L"%c", FOOD);
ps->_pFood = pFood;
}
}
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
//打印提⽰信息
SetPos(64, 15);
printf("不能穿墙，不能咬到⾃⼰\n");
SetPos(64, 16);
printf("⽤↑.↓.←.→分别控制蛇的移动.");
SetPos(64, 17);
printf("F1 为加速，F2 为减速\n");
SetPos(64, 18);
printf("ESC ：退出游戏.space：暂停游戏.");
SetPos(64, 20);
printf("⽐特就业课@版权");
}
void pause()//暂停
{
while (1)
{
Sleep(300);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
break;
}
}
}
//pSnakeNode psn 是下⼀个节点的地址
//pSnake ps 维护蛇的指针
int NextIsFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps)
{
return (psn->x == ps->_pFood->x) && (psn->y == ps->_pFood->y);
}
//pSnakeNode psn 是下⼀个节点的地址
//pSnake ps 维护蛇的指针
void EatFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps)
{
//头插法
psn->next = ps->_pSnake;
ps->_pSnake = psn;
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
//打印蛇
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%c", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
ps->_Socre += ps->_foodWeight;
free(ps->_pFood);
CreateFood(ps);
}
//pSnakeNode psn 是下⼀个节点的地址
//pSnake ps 维护蛇的指针
void NoFood(pSnakeNode psn, pSnake ps)
{
//头插法
psn->next = ps->_pSnake;
ps->_pSnake = psn;
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
//打印蛇
while (cur->next->next)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%c", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//最后⼀个位置打印空格，然后释放节点
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
printf(" ");
free(cur->next);
cur->next = NULL;
}
//pSnake ps 维护蛇的指针
int KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
if ((ps->_pSnake->x == 0)
|| (ps->_pSnake->x == 56)
|| (ps->_pSnake->y == 0)
|| (ps->_pSnake->y == 26))
{
ps->_Status = KILL_BY_WALL;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//pSnake ps 维护蛇的指针
int KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake->next;
while (cur)
{
if ((ps->_pSnake->x == cur->x)
&& (ps->_pSnake->y == cur->y))
{
ps->_Status = KILL_BY_SELF;
return 1;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
return 0;
}
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
//创建下⼀个节点
pSnakeNode pNextNode = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pNextNode == NULL)
{
perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
return;
}
//确定下⼀个节点的坐标，下⼀个节点的坐标根据，蛇头的坐标和⽅向确定
switch (ps->_Dir)
{
case UP:
{
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;
}
break;
case DOWN:
{
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;
}
break;
case LEFT:
{
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
}
break;
case RIGHT:
{
pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;
pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
}
break;
}
//如果下⼀个位置就是⻝物
if (NextIsFood(pNextNode, ps))
{
EatFood(pNextNode, ps);
}
else//如果没有⻝物
{
NoFood(pNextNode, ps);
}
KillByWall(ps);
KillBySelf(ps);
}
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
//设置控制台窗⼝的⼤⼩，30⾏，100列
//mode 为DOS命令
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
//设置cmd窗⼝名称
system("title 贪吃蛇");
//获取标准输出的句柄(⽤来标识不同设备的数值)
HANDLE hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//影藏光标操作
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
CursorInfo.bVisible = false; //隐藏控制台光标
SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOutput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态
//打印欢迎界⾯
WelcomeToGame();
//打印地图
CreateMap();
//初始化蛇
InitSnake(ps);
//创造第⼀个⻝物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印右侧帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
do
{
SetPos(64, 10);
printf("得分：%d ", ps->_Socre);
printf("每个⻝物得分：%d分", ps->_foodWeight);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_Dir != DOWN)
{
ps->_Dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_Dir != UP)
{
ps->_Dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_Dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->_Dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_Dir != LEFT)
{
ps->_Dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
pause();
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
{
ps->_Status = END_NOMAL;
break;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
if (ps->_SleepTime >= 50)
{
ps->_SleepTime -= 30;
ps->_foodWeight += 2;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
if (ps->_SleepTime < 350)
{
ps->_SleepTime += 30;
ps->_foodWeight -= 2;
if (ps->_SleepTime == 350)
{
ps->_foodWeight = 1;
}
}
}
//蛇每次⼀定之间要休眠的时间，时间短，蛇移动速度就快
Sleep(ps->_SleepTime);
SnakeMove(ps);
} while (ps->_Status == OK);
}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
SetPos(24, 12);
switch (ps->_Status)
{
case END_NOMAL:
printf("您主动退出游戏\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
printf("您撞上⾃⼰了 ,游戏结束!\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
printf("您撞墙了,游戏结束!\n");
break;
}
//释放蛇⾝的节点
while (cur)
{
pSnakeNode del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
}