【TensorFlow&Keras】基于卷积神经网络CNN的猫狗分类

一、猫狗数据集

1、数据集下载

kaggle网站的数据集下载地址:
https://www.kaggle.com/lizhensheng/-2000

2、数据集分类

下载猫狗数据集并解压缩后,我们将创建一个包含三个子集的新数据集:一个包含每个类1000个样本的训练集,一个包含每个类500个样本的验证集,最后一个包含每个类500个样本的测试集

import os, shutil #复制文件
# 原始目录所在的路径
# 数据集未压缩
original_dataset_dir = '.\\kaggle_Dog&Cat\\train\\train'

# 我们将在其中的目录存储较小的数据集
base_dir = '.\\kaggle_Dog&Cat\\find_cats_and_dogs'
os.mkdir(base_dir)

# # 训练、验证、测试数据集的目录
train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'train')
os.mkdir(train_dir)
validation_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'validation')
os.mkdir(validation_dir)
test_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'test')
os.mkdir(test_dir)

# 猫训练图片所在目录
train_cats_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'cats')
os.mkdir(train_cats_dir)

# 狗训练图片所在目录
train_dogs_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'dogs')
os.mkdir(train_dogs_dir)

# 猫验证图片所在目录
validation_cats_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'cats')
os.mkdir(validation_cats_dir)

# 狗验证数据集所在目录
validation_dogs_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'dogs')
os.mkdir(validation_dogs_dir)

# 猫测试数据集所在目录
test_cats_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, 'cats')
os.mkdir(test_cats_dir)

# 狗测试数据集所在目录
test_dogs_dir = os.path.join(test_dir, 'dogs')
os.mkdir(test_dogs_dir)

# 将前1000张猫图像复制到train_cats_dir
fnames = ['cat.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(train_cats_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

# 将下500张猫图像复制到validation_cats_dir
fnames = ['cat.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000, 1500)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(validation_cats_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
# 将下500张猫图像复制到test_cats_dir
fnames = ['cat.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1500, 2000)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(test_cats_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
# 将前1000张狗图像复制到train_dogs_dir
fnames = ['dog.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(train_dogs_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
# 将下500张狗图像复制到validation_dogs_dir
fnames = ['dog.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1000, 1500)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(validation_dogs_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
    
# 将下500张狗图像复制到test_dogs_dir
fnames = ['dog.{}.jpg'.format(i) for i in range(1500, 2000)]
for fname in fnames:
    src = os.path.join(original_dataset_dir, fname)
    dst = os.path.join(test_dogs_dir, fname)
    shutil.copyfile(src, dst)

查看分类后,对应目录下图片数量:

print('total training cat images:', len(os.listdir(train_cats_dir)))
print('total training dog images:', len(os.listdir(train_dogs_dir)))

print('total validation cat images:', len(os.listdir(validation_cats_dir)))
print('total validation dog images:', len(os.listdir(validation_dogs_dir)))

print('total test cat images:', len(os.listdir(test_cats_dir)))
print('total test dog images:', len(os.listdir(test_dogs_dir)))

在这里插入图片描述

二、构建网络

1、构建网络模型

from keras import layers
from keras import models

model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu',
                        input_shape=(150, 150, 3)))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
model.add(layers.Flatten())
model.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))

查看模型各层的参数状况:

model.summary()

2、配置训练方法

from keras import optimizers

model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
              optimizer=optimizers.RMSprop(lr=1e-4),
              metrics=['acc'])

3、文件中图像转换成所需格式(将训练和验证的图片,调整为150×150)

from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator

# 所有图像将按1/255重新缩放
train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)

train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        # 这是目标目录
        train_dir,
        # 所有图像将调整为150x150
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=20,
        # 因为我们使用二元交叉熵损失,我们需要二元标签
        class_mode='binary')

validation_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        validation_dir,
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=20,
        class_mode='binary')

4、模型训练

history = model.fit_generator(
      train_generator,
      steps_per_epoch=100,
      epochs=30,
      validation_data=validation_generator,
      validation_steps=50)

在这里插入图片描述

5、保存生成的模型

model.save('cats_and_dogs_small_1.h5')

6、结果可视化

#对于模型进行评估,查看预测的准确性
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

acc = history.history['acc']
val_acc = history.history['val_acc']
loss = history.history['loss']
val_loss = history.history['val_loss']

epochs = range(len(acc))

plt.plot(epochs, acc, 'bo', label='Training acc')
plt.plot(epochs, val_acc, 'b', label='Validation acc')
plt.title('Training and validation accuracy')
plt.legend()

plt.figure()

plt.plot(epochs, loss, 'bo', label='Training loss')
plt.plot(epochs, val_loss, 'b', label='Validation loss')
plt.title('Training and validation loss')
plt.legend()

plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

三、基准模型调整

1、图像增强

利用图像生成器定义一些常见的图像变换,图像增强就是通过对于图像进行变换,从而,增强图像中的有用信息

#该部分代码及以后的代码,用于替代基准模型中分类后面的代码(执行代码前,需要先将之前分类的目录删掉,重写生成分类,否则,会发生错误)
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
      rotation_range=40,
      width_shift_range=0.2,
      height_shift_range=0.2,
      shear_range=0.2,
      zoom_range=0.2,
      horizontal_flip=True,
      fill_mode='nearest')

2、查看增强后的图像

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# This is module with image preprocessing utilities
from keras.preprocessing import image
fnames = [os.path.join(train_cats_dir, fname) for fname in os.listdir(train_cats_dir)]
# We pick one image to "augment"
img_path = fnames[3]
# Read the image and resize it
img = image.load_img(img_path, target_size=(150, 150))
# Convert it to a Numpy array with shape (150, 150, 3)
x = image.img_to_array(img)
# Reshape it to (1, 150, 150, 3)
x = x.reshape((1,) + x.shape)
# The .flow() command below generates batches of randomly transformed images.
# It will loop indefinitely, so we need to `break` the loop at some point!
i = 0
for batch in datagen.flow(x, batch_size=1):
    plt.figure(i)
    imgplot = plt.imshow(image.array_to_img(batch[0]))
    i += 1
    if i % 4 == 0:
        break
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

3、网络模型增加一层dropout

#网络模型构建
from keras import layers
from keras import models
#keras的序贯模型
model = models.Sequential()
#卷积层,卷积核是3*3,激活函数relu
model.add(layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu',
                        input_shape=(150, 150, 3)))
#最大池化层
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
#卷积层,卷积核2*2,激活函数relu
model.add(layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
#最大池化层
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
#卷积层,卷积核是3*3,激活函数relu
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
#最大池化层
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
#卷积层,卷积核是3*3,激活函数relu
model.add(layers.Conv2D(128, (3, 3), activation='relu'))
#最大池化层
model.add(layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))
#flatten层,用于将多维的输入一维化,用于卷积层和全连接层的过渡
model.add(layers.Flatten())
#退出层
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5))
#全连接,激活函数relu
model.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu'))
#全连接,激活函数sigmoid
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
#输出模型各层的参数状况
model.summary()
from keras import optimizers

model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
              optimizer=optimizers.RMSprop(lr=1e-4),
              metrics=['acc'])

4、训练模型

train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(
    rescale=1./255,
    rotation_range=40,
    width_shift_range=0.2,
    height_shift_range=0.2,
    shear_range=0.2,
    zoom_range=0.2,
    horizontal_flip=True,)
# Note that the validation data should not be augmented!
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255)
train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        # This is the target directory
        train_dir,
        # All images will be resized to 150x150
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=32,
        # Since we use binary_crossentropy loss, we need binary labels
        class_mode='binary')
validation_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(
        validation_dir,
        target_size=(150, 150),
        batch_size=32,
        class_mode='binary')
history = model.fit(
      train_generator,
      steps_per_epoch=63,
      epochs=100,
      validation_data=validation_generator,
      validation_steps=32)

在这里插入图片描述

5、保存模型

model.save('cats_and_dogs_small_2.h5')

6、结果可视化

acc = history.history['acc']
val_acc = history.history['val_acc']
loss = history.history['loss']
val_loss = history.history['val_loss']
epochs = range(len(acc))
plt.plot(epochs, acc, 'bo', label='Training acc')
plt.plot(epochs, val_acc, 'b', label='Validation acc')
plt.title('Training and validation accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.figure()
plt.plot(epochs, loss, 'bo', label='Training loss')
plt.plot(epochs, val_loss, 'b', label='Validation loss')
plt.title('Training and validation loss')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

四、使用VGG19实现猫狗分类

1、初始化一个VGG19网络实例

from keras.applications.vgg19 import VGG19
conv_base = VGG19(weights = 'imagenet',include_top = False,input_shape=(150, 150, 3))
conv_base.summary()

2、将猫狗数据集传递给神经网络

import os 
import numpy as np
from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
# 数据集分类后的目录
base_dir = '.\\kaggle_Dog&Cat\\find_cats_and_dogs'
train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'train')
validation_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'validation')
test_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'test')
datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale = 1. / 255)
batch_size = 20
def extract_features(directory, sample_count):
    features = np.zeros(shape = (sample_count, 4, 4, 512))
    labels = np.zeros(shape = (sample_count))
    generator = datagen.flow_from_directory(directory, target_size = (150, 150), 
                                            batch_size = batch_size,
                                            class_mode = 'binary')
    i = 0
    for inputs_batch, labels_batch in generator:
        #把图片输入VGG19卷积层,让它把图片信息抽取出来
        features_batch = conv_base.predict(inputs_batch)
        #feature_batch 是 4*4*512结构
        features[i * batch_size : (i + 1)*batch_size] = features_batch
        labels[i * batch_size : (i+1)*batch_size] = labels_batch
        i += 1
        if i * batch_size >= sample_count :
            #for in 在generator上的循环是无止境的,因此我们必须主动break掉
            break
        return features , labels
#extract_features 返回数据格式为(samples, 4, 4, 512)
train_features, train_labels = extract_features(train_dir, 2000)
validation_features, validation_labels = extract_features(validation_dir, 1000)
test_features, test_labels = extract_features(test_dir, 1000)	

3、将抽取的特征输入到我们自己的神经层中进行分类训练

train_features = np.reshape(train_features, (2000, 4 * 4 * 512))
validation_features = np.reshape(validation_features, (1000, 4 * 4 * 512))
test_features = np.reshape(test_features, (1000, 4 * 4* 512))
from keras import models
from keras import layers
from keras import optimizers
#构造我们自己的网络层对输出数据进行分类
model = models.Sequential()
model.add(layers.Dense(256, activation='relu', input_dim = 4 * 4 * 512))
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.5))
model.add(layers.Dense(1, activation = 'sigmoid'))
model.compile(optimizer=optimizers.RMSprop(lr = 2e-5), loss = 'binary_crossentropy', metrics = ['acc'])
history = model.fit(train_features, train_labels, epochs = 30, batch_size = 20, 
                    validation_data = (validation_features, validation_labels))

在这里插入图片描述

4、结果可视化

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
acc = history.history['acc']
val_acc = history.history['val_acc']
loss = history.history['loss']
val_loss = history.history['val_loss']
epochs = range(1, len(acc) + 1)
plt.plot(epochs, acc, 'bo', label = 'Train_acc')
plt.plot(epochs, val_acc, 'b', label = 'Validation acc')
plt.title('Trainning and validation accuracy')
plt.legend()
plt.figure()
plt.plot(epochs, loss, 'bo', label = 'Training loss')
plt.plot(epochs, val_loss, 'b', label = 'Validation loss')
plt.title('Training and validation loss')
plt.legend()
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

五、参考🔗

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