派生类构造函数和析构函数的执行顺序

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#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Contained1 {
public:
    Contained1() { cout << "Contained1 ctor\n"; }//构造constructor
	~Contained1() {cout << "Contained1 dtor\n";}//析构destructor
};

class Contained2 {
public:
    Contained2() { cout << "Contained2 ctor\n"; }
	~Contained2() {cout << "Contained2 dtor\n";}

};

class Contained3 {
public:
    Contained3() { cout << "Contained3 ctor\n"; }
	~Contained3() {cout << "Contained3 dtor\n";}
};

class BaseContainer {
public:
    BaseContainer() { cout << "BaseContainer ctor\n"; }
	~BaseContainer() { cout << "BaseContainer dtor\n"; }
private:
    Contained1 c1;
    Contained2 c2;
};

class DerivedContainer : public BaseContainer {
public:
    DerivedContainer() : BaseContainer() { cout << "DerivedContainer ctor\n"; }
	~DerivedContainer();
private:
    Contained3 c3;
};
DerivedContainer::~DerivedContainer() { cout << "DerivedContainer dtor\n"; }

int main() {
    DerivedContainer dc;
}

执行结果如下：

Contained1 ctor
Contained2 ctor
BaseContainer ctor
Contained3 ctor
DerivedContainer ctor
DerivedContainer dtor
Contained3 dtor
BaseContainer dtor
Contained2 dtor
Contained1 dtor

上面的示例显示，在派生类的构造函数中，基类和成员构造函数的调用顺序。 首先，调用基构造函数，然后按照基类成员在类声明中出现的顺序对这些成员进行初始化，然后，调用派生构造函数。
析构函数的执行顺序与构造函数相反，可类比于穿衣服和脱衣服。