msp430的DCO校准值被清除后该如何处理

起因

在调试MSP430G系列的单片机的过程，发现不怎么的，时钟频率发生了变化，时间一下都对不上了。查收些资料说，DCO的值有可能被擦除了导致时钟不对的。细想一下，好像是在调试的过程中，出现调试不了的现象就在IAR里点击的“Erase memory”。把查找的资料记录下来，所以就有这篇文章。

问题描述

因为DCO校准值在MCU出厂时保存于信息段A，一般是不允许清除信息段A的。

且示例代码中，有如下语句：

if (CALBC1_1MHZ ==0xFF || CALDCO_1MHZ == 0xFF)     
{ 
    while(1);// If calibration constants erased
    // do not load, trap CPU!!
}
BCSCTL1 = CALBC1_1MHZ; // Set range
DCOCTL = CALDCO_1MHZ; // Set DCO step + modulation 

可以看出在启动时都先检查DCO1MHZ的校准值是否为0xFF，是则进入while(1)死循环。
正常情况下因为信息段A不清除没问题的，但是我测试BSL下载时，故意给错误的BSL密码，导致FLASH都被擦除，发现转载DCO校准值的信息段A也被清掉了，于是程序运行到上面的代码时即进入死循环。

解决办法

针对于这种DCO数据被擦除的情况，一般的解决办法是，通过利用Timer捕捉外部的32.768K晶振或是时钟源，然后得到1M，8M或是12Mhz之类的DCO的数值，然后在直接写入segment flashA里面。
有两个解决方案供选择：

• 1、外接晶体，用晶体配合timer校正DCO，TI的msp4300ware有源代码。如下：

 /*******************************************************************************
 * 
 *                       MSP430 CODE EXAMPLE DISCLAIMER
 *
 * MSP430 code examples are self-contained low-level programs that typically
 * demonstrate a single peripheral function or device feature in a highly
 * concise manner. For this the code may rely on the device's power-on default
 * register values and settings such as the clock configuration and care must
 * be taken when combining code from several examples to avoid potential side
 * effects. Also see www.ti.com/grace for a GUI- and www.ti.com/msp430ware
 * for an API functional library-approach to peripheral configuration.
 *
 * --/COPYRIGHT--
//******************************************************************************/
//  MSP430G2xx1 Demo - DCO Calibration Constants Programmer
//
//  NOTE: THIS CODE REPLACES THE TI FACTORY-PROGRAMMED DCO CALIBRATION
//  CONSTANTS LOCATED IN INFOA WITH NEW VALUES. USE ONLY IF THE ORIGINAL
//  CONSTANTS ACCIDENTALLY GOT CORRUPTED OR ERASED.
//
//  Description: This code re-programs the G2xx1 DCO calibration constants.
//  A software FLL mechanism is used to set the DCO based on an external
//  32kHz reference clock. After each calibration, the values from the
//  clock system are read out and stored in a temporary variable. The final
//  frequency the DCO is set to is 1MHz, and this frequency is also used
//  during Flash programming of the constants. The program end is indicated
//  by the blinking LED.
//  ACLK = LFXT1/8 = 32768/8, MCLK = SMCLK = target DCO
//  //* External watch crystal installed on XIN XOUT is required for ACLK *//
//
//           MSP430G2xx1
//         ---------------
//     /|\|            XIN|-
//      | |               | 32kHz
//      --|RST        XOUT|-
//        |               |
//        |           P1.0|--> LED
//        |           P1.4|--> SMLCK = target DCO
//
//  A. Dannenberg
//  Texas Instruments Inc.
//  May 2010
//  Built with CCS Version 4.2.0 and IAR Embedded Workbench Version: 3.42A
//******************************************************************************
#include <msp430.h>

#define DELTA_1MHZ    244                   // 244 x 4096Hz = 999.4Hz
#define DELTA_8MHZ    1953                  // 1953 x 4096Hz = 7.99MHz
#define DELTA_12MHZ   2930                  // 2930 x 4096Hz = 12.00MHz
#define DELTA_16MHZ   3906                  // 3906 x 4096Hz = 15.99MHz

unsigned char CAL_DATA[8];                  // Temp. storage for constants
volatile unsigned int i;
int j;
char *Flash_ptrA;                           // Segment A pointer
void Set_DCO(unsigned int Delta);

int main(void)
{
  WDTCTL = WDTPW + WDTHOLD;                 // Stop WDT
  for (i = 0; i < 0xfffe; i++);             // Delay for XTAL stabilization
  P1OUT = 0x00;                             // Clear P1 output latches
  P1SEL = 0x10;                             // P1.4 SMCLK output
  P1DIR = 0x11;                             // P1.0,4 output

  j = 0;                                    // Reset pointer

  Set_DCO(DELTA_16MHZ);                     // Set DCO and obtain constants
  CAL_DATA[j++] = DCOCTL;
  CAL_DATA[j++] = BCSCTL1;

  Set_DCO(DELTA_12MHZ);                     // Set DCO and obtain constants
  CAL_DATA[j++] = DCOCTL;
  CAL_DATA[j++] = BCSCTL1;

  Set_DCO(DELTA_8MHZ);                      // Set DCO and obtain constants
  CAL_DATA[j++] = DCOCTL;
  CAL_DATA[j++] = BCSCTL1;

  Set_DCO(DELTA_1MHZ);                      // Set DCO and obtain constants
  CAL_DATA[j++] = DCOCTL;
  CAL_DATA[j++] = BCSCTL1;

  Flash_ptrA = (char *)0x10C0;              // Point to beginning of seg A
  FCTL2 = FWKEY + FSSEL0 + FN1;             // MCLK/3 for Flash Timing Generator
  FCTL1 = FWKEY + ERASE;                    // Set Erase bit
  FCTL3 = FWKEY + LOCKA;                    // Clear LOCK & LOCKA bits
  *Flash_ptrA = 0x00;                       // Dummy write to erase Flash seg A
  FCTL1 = FWKEY + WRT;                      // Set WRT bit for write operation
  Flash_ptrA = (char *)0x10F8;              // Point to beginning of cal consts
  for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
    *Flash_ptrA++ = CAL_DATA[j];            // re-flash DCO calibration data
  FCTL1 = FWKEY;                            // Clear WRT bit
  FCTL3 = FWKEY + LOCKA + LOCK;             // Set LOCK & LOCKA bit

  while (1)
  {
    P1OUT ^= 0x01;                          // Toggle LED
    for (i = 0; i < 0x4000; i++);           // SW Delay
  }
}

void Set_DCO(unsigned int Delta)            // Set DCO to selected frequency
{
  unsigned int Compare, Oldcapture = 0;

  BCSCTL1 |= DIVA_3;                        // ACLK = LFXT1CLK/8
  TACCTL0 = CM_1 + CCIS_1 + CAP;            // CAP, ACLK
  TACTL = TASSEL_2 + MC_2 + TACLR;          // SMCLK, cont-mode, clear

  while (1)
  {
    while (!(CCIFG & TACCTL0));             // Wait until capture occured
    TACCTL0 &= ~CCIFG;                      // Capture occured, clear flag
    Compare = TACCR0;                       // Get current captured SMCLK
    Compare = Compare - Oldcapture;         // SMCLK difference
    Oldcapture = TACCR0;                    // Save current captured SMCLK

    if (Delta == Compare)
      break;                                // If equal, leave "while(1)"
    else if (Delta < Compare)
    {
      DCOCTL--;                             // DCO is too fast, slow it down
      if (DCOCTL == 0xFF)                   // Did DCO roll under?
        if (BCSCTL1 & 0x0f)
          BCSCTL1--;                        // Select lower RSEL
    }
    else
    {
      DCOCTL++;                             // DCO is too slow, speed it up
      if (DCOCTL == 0x00)                   // Did DCO roll over?
        if ((BCSCTL1 & 0x0f) != 0x0f)
          BCSCTL1++;                        // Sel higher RSEL
    }
  }
  TACCTL0 = 0;                              // Stop TACCR0
  TACTL = 0;                                // Stop Timer_A
  BCSCTL1 &= ~DIVA_3;                       // ACLK = LFXT1CLK
}

• 第二个办法是，http://www.elprotronic.com/ ， Elprotronic新版MSP430下载工具带有DCO校正功能。也可以使用MSP-GANG烧录工具来恢复，该工具支持重新效验DCO校准数据，然后写入information memory。

  

下次也记得个教训，在做BSL的时候，事先把DCO数据读出，做好备份工作。

参考

• http://www.deyisupport.com/question_answer/microcontrollers/msp430/f/55/t/62646.aspx

• http://download.csdn.net/download/xumiaofeng1982/5699199