Numeric Types — int, float, complex
Operation Result x + y sum of x and y x - y difference of x and y x * y product of x and y x / y quotient of x and y x // y floored quotient of x and y x % y remainder of x / y -x x negated +x x unchanged abs(x) absolute value or magnitude of x int(x) x converted to integer float(x) x converted to floating point complex(re, im) a complex number with real part re, imaginary part im. im defaults to zero. c.conjugate() conjugate of the complex number c divmod(x, y) the pair (x // y, x % y) pow(x, y) x to the power y x ** y x to the power y
Sequence Types — list, tuple, range
Operation Result x in s True if an item of s is equal to x, else False x not in s False if an item of s is equal to x, else True s + t the concatenation of s and t s * n or n * s equivalent to adding s to itself n times s[i] ith item of s, origin 0 s[i:j] slice of s from i to j s[i:j:k] slice of s from i to j with step k len(s) length of s min(s) smallest item of s max(s) largest item of s s.index(x[, i[, j]]) index of the first occurrence of x in s (at or after index i and before index j) s.count(x) total number of occurrences of x in s
不可变类型
Numbers
round ( x[ , n] )
math. ceil( x)
math. floor( x)
2.75 . as_integer_ratio( )
String
"hello" . capitalize( )
casefold( )
str . count( sub[ , start[ , end] ] )
str . endswith( suffix[ , start[ , end] ] )
str . startswith( prefix[ , start[ , end] ] )
str . find( sub[ , start[ , end] ] )
"The sum of 1 + 2 is {0}" . format ( 1 + 2 )
"12345abbb" . isalnum( )
"12345abbb" . isalpha( )
"12345" . isnumeric( )
a= [ "1" , "2" , "3" , "4" ]
c= "n" . join( a)
str . lstrip( [ chars] )
str . rstrip( [ chars] )
str . strip( [ chars] )
c= "hello" . partition( "l" )
'1,2,3' . split( ',' )
"42" . zfill( 5 )
Tuple
tu= (2 ,3 ,4 )
tu = tuple ( [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] )
tu = tuple ( 'string' )
tu[ 0 ]
print ( tu)
tu= ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) + ( 4 , 5 , 6 )
tu = ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) * 4
tu= ( 1 , 2 , 3 )
a, b, c= tu
tu= ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 )
a, b, * rest = tu
a, b, * _ = tu
可变类型
List
a= [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]
b= a. copy( )
print ( b)
a. extend( [ 3 , 4 ] )
print ( a)
a. append( 3 )
print ( a)
print ( a. count( 2 ) )
print ( a. index( 2 ) )
a. sort( )
print ( a)
a. insert( 2 , 4 )
print ( a)
a. pop( 2 )
print ( a)
a. remove( 1 )
print ( a)
a. reverse( )
print ( a)
a. clear( )
print ( a)
Set
a= { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 }
b= { 2 , 3 , 4 }
a. add( 5 )
print ( a)
print ( a. pop( ) )
print ( a)
a. remove( 5 )
print ( a)
c = a. difference( b)
print ( c)
a. difference_update( b)
print ( a)
c = a. intersection( b)
print ( c)
a. intersection_update( b)
print ( a)
print ( a. isdisjoint( b) )
print ( a. issubset( b) )
print ( a. issuperset( b) )
c= a. symmetric_difference( b)
print ( c)
a. symmetric_difference_update( b)
print ( a)
c= a. union( b)
print ( c)
a. update( b)
print ( a)
Dictionary
a = { 'a' : 1 , 'b' : 2 , 'c' : 3 }
b = { 'x' : 1 , 'y' : 2 , 'c' : 4 }
a. update( b)
print ( a)
a. pop( 'x' )
print ( a)
print ( a. keys( ) )
print ( a. values( ) )
for k, v in a. items( ) :
print ( k, v)
'''
a 1
b 2
c 4
y 2
'''
print ( a. get( 'b' ) )
k, v = a. popitem( )
print ( k, v)
print ( a)
a. setdefault( 'k' , 0 )
print ( a[ 'k' ] )
print ( a)
a. setdefault( 'k' , 10 )
print ( a[ 'k' ] )
print ( a)