C++ 容器&Move&各种构造函数

目的

研究在容器相关操作中，类的各种构造函数的调用时机。

试验

采用c++11编译

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;
class A
{
private:
	int m_a;
public:
	A(int a):m_a(a){cout << "Construct" << m_a << endl;};
	A(const A &a){m_a = a.m_a;cout << "Copy Construct" << m_a << endl;};
	A &operator=(const A &a){m_a=a.m_a;cout << "Copy Assigenment" << m_a << endl;return *this;};
	A(A &&a){m_a=a.m_a; cout << "Move Construct" << m_a << endl;};
	A &operator=(A &&a){m_a=a.m_a; cout << "Move Assigenment" << m_a << endl;};
	~A(){cout << "Disstruct" << m_a << endl;};
};


void func(vector<A> vec){cout <<"in func"<< endl;};


int main()
{
	vector<A> v1;
	vector<A> v2;
	
	v1.push_back(1);
	v1.push_back(1);
	cout << "-----1------" << endl;
	
	v2.push_back(2);
	v2.push_back(2);
	cout << "-----2------" << endl;

//	v1 = v2;
//	cout << "-----3------" << endl;//copy assigenment
	v1 = move(v2);
	cout << "-----4------" << endl;
	
	swap(v1, v2);
	cout << "-----5------" << endl;
	
	func(v2);
	cout << "-----6------" << endl;
	
	func(move(v2));
	cout << "-----7------" << endl;
	return 0;
}

现象

程序的输出：

Construct1
Move Construct1
Disstruct1
Construct1
Move Construct1
Copy Construct1
Disstruct1
Disstruct1
-----1------
Construct2
Move Construct2
Disstruct2
Construct2
Move Construct2
Copy Construct2
Disstruct2
Disstruct2
-----2------
Disstruct1
Disstruct1
-----4------
-----5------
Copy Construct2
Copy Construct2
in func
Disstruct2
Disstruct2
-----6------
in func
Disstruct2
Disstruct2
-----7------

结论

• move构造，可以降低对象拷贝的损耗
• swap操作，可以降低对象拷贝的损耗
• 使用函数的时候，如果确认参数中传入的对象在外部不再使用，那么尽可能的使用move操作。
• move的消耗可能比shared_ptr少点