琐记6：随机分组

将40个数按4个一组随机分成10组打印出来：

实现的方法应该有很多，这里就介绍一种利用数组元素的交换来实现的方法。可以利用一个随机函数获取一个40以内的随机数作为下标，将它的值与末尾值交换，再获取一个39以内的随机数，再将它的值与倒数第二个数交换，依次交换后就可以得到一个随机数组了。

#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define LEN 40

void swap(int *a, int i, int j)
{
	int tmp = a[i];
	a[i] = a[j];
	a[j] = tmp;
}

void printA(int *a, int len)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		if (i % 4 == 0)
			printf ("\n");
		printf ("%4d ",a[i]);
	}
	printf ("\n");
}

int main1()
{
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

	int name[LEN] = {0};
	int i = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < LEN; i++)
	{
		name[i] = i+1;
	}
	for (i = LEN-1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		int index = rand()%(LEN);     // 获取一个i以内的随机下标
		swap(name, index, i);         // 交换该下标与末尾的值
	}
	printA (name,LEN);
	return 0;
}

这里如果是一个随机的字符串数组就很难交换了，但，我们可以简化的思路，不用交换，直接使用 strcpy 函数进行字符串的赋值：

int main()  
{  
    srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));  
    char name[][6] = {  
            "张1","张2","张3","张4",  "张5","张6","张7","张8","张9","张10",  
            "张11","张12","张13","张14","张15","张16","张17","张18","张19","张20",  
            "张21","张22","张23","张24","张25","张26","张27","张28","张29","张30",  
            "张31","张32","张33","张34","张35","张36","张37","张38","张39","张40"  
    };  
 
	int i;
	for (i = LEN-1; i > 0; i--)
	{
		int index = rand()%(i);
		printf ("%-8s ",name[index]);
		strcpy (name[index], name[i]);
		if (i % 4 == 0)
			printf ("\n");
	}
	printf ("%s",name[0]);
	putchar ('\n');

	return 0; 
}